全新四年樂活讀經
W4 2012-05-17 (撒上21)
經文: 撒母耳記上 21:13 就在眾人面前改變了尋常的舉動，在他們手下假裝瘋癲，在城門的門扇上胡寫亂畫，使唾沫流在鬍子上。
默想: 大衛在逃避掃羅追殺的逃難途中，饑腸咕嚕，只好逃到挪伯祭司亞希米勒拿裡，討東西裹腹充饑。結果只討到了幾個更換新餅時從聖所被徹換下來的陳設餅。後來逃到了迦特王亞吉那裡，又因為自己的身份被亞吉王認出來，大衛感到自己的生命安全受到威脅，因此只好裝瘋賣傻，盼望能夠安全從亞吉王處脫身。這種在被強敵追殺情況之下，是否能夠想辦法保護自己的生命，甚至包括設法掩飾自己的真正身份，以求保命。這在倫理學上面，是個值得爭議討論的議題。記得當希特勒大舉補殺猶太人時，有許多好心的基督徒，為了保護社區鄰居被希特勒所追殺的猶太人，而將這些猶太人藏起來。當他們遇到蓋世太保前來作戶口調查時，為了保護這些被希特勒追殺的猶太人的生命以及自己的生命，都必須向這些蓋世太保說與事實不符的謊言。這樣的行為，在倫理學上，常常被拿來作為兩惡取其輕之討論議題。求上帝保守我，當我看到這類倫理難題時，不會很輕易的就用黑白兩分法作出過度簡單的倫理論斷與批判。
題目: 大衛曾因「信心」打敗了歌利亞！如今卻因「恐懼」而欺瞞亞希米勒和亞吉。試問你是否曾因恐懼而失去對上主的信心嗎？
21:1 大衛到了挪伯祭司亞希米勒那裡，亞希米勒戰戰兢兢地出來迎接他，問他說：「你為甚麼獨自來，沒有人跟隨呢？」
Then came David to Nob to Ahim'elech the priest; and Ahim'elech came to meet David trembling, and said to him, "Why are you alone, and no one with you?"
21:2 大衛回答祭司亞希米勒說：「王吩咐我一件事說：『我差遣你委託你的這件事，不要使人知道。』故此我已派定少年人在某處等候我。
And David said to Ahim'elech the priest, "The king has charged me with a matter, and said to me, `Let no one know anything of the matter about which I send you, and with which I have charged you.' I have made an appointment with the young men for such and such a place.
21:3 現在你手下有甚麼？求你給我五個餅或是別樣的食物。」
Now then, what have you at hand? Give me five loaves of bread, or whatever is here."
21:4 祭司對大衛說：「我手下沒有尋常的餅，只有聖餅；若少年人沒有親近婦人才可以給。」
And the priest answered David, "I have no common bread at hand, but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women."
21:5 大衛對祭司說：「實在約有三日我們沒有親近婦人；我出來的時候，雖是尋常行路，少年人的器皿還是潔淨的；何況今日不更是潔淨嗎？」
And David answered the priest, "Of a truth women have been kept from us as always when I go on an expedition; the vessels of the young men are holy, even when it is a common journey; how much more today will their vessels be holy?"
21:6 祭司就拿聖餅給他；因為在那裡沒有別樣餅，只有更換新餅，從耶和華面前撤下來的陳設餅。
So the priest gave him the holy bread; for there was no bread there but the bread of the Presence, which is removed from before the LORD, to be replaced by hot bread on the day it is taken away.
21:7 （當日有掃羅的一個臣子留在耶和華面前。他名叫多益，是以東人，作掃羅的司牧長。）
Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the LORD; his name was Do'eg the E'domite, the chief of Saul's herdsmen.
21:8 大衛問亞希米勒說：「你手下有槍有刀沒有？因為王的事甚急，連刀劍器械我都沒有帶。」
And David said to Ahim'elech, "And have you not here a spear or a sword at hand? For I have brought neither my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king's business required haste."
21:9 祭司說：「你在以拉谷殺非利士人歌利亞的那刀在這裡，裹在布中，放在以弗得後邊，你要就可以拿去；除此以外，再沒有別的。」大衛說：「這刀沒有可比的！求你給我。」
And the priest said, "The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you killed in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod; if you will take that, take it, for there is none but that here." And David said, "There is none like that; give it to me."
21:10 那日大衛起來，躲避掃羅，逃到迦特王亞吉那裡。
And David rose and fled that day from Saul, and went to A'chish the king of Gath.
21:11 亞吉的臣僕對亞吉說：「這不是以色列國王大衛嗎？那裡的婦女跳舞唱和，不是指著他說『掃羅殺死千千，大衛殺死萬萬』嗎？」
And the servants of A'chish said to him, "Is not this David the king of the land? Did they not sing to one another of him in dances, `Saul has slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands'?"
21:12 大衛將這話放在心裡，甚懼怕迦特王亞吉，
And David took these words to heart, and was much afraid of A'chish the king of Gath.
21:13 就在眾人面前改變了尋常的舉動，在他們手下假裝瘋癲，在城門的門扇上胡寫亂畫，使唾沫流在鬍子上。
So he changed his behavior before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and made marks on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle run down his beard.
21:14 亞吉對臣僕說：「你們看，這人是瘋子。為甚麼帶他到我這裡來呢？
Then said A'chish to his servants, "Lo, you see the man is mad; why then have you brought him to me?
21:15 我豈缺少瘋子，你們帶這人來在我面前瘋癲嗎？這人豈可進我的家呢？」
Do I lack madmen, that you have brought this fellow to play the madman in my presence? Shall this fellow come into my house?"
Then came David to Nob to Ahim'elech the priest; and Ahim'elech came to meet David trembling, and said to him, "Why are you alone, and no one with you?"
21:2 大衛回答祭司亞希米勒說：「王吩咐我一件事說：『我差遣你委託你的這件事，不要使人知道。』故此我已派定少年人在某處等候我。
And David said to Ahim'elech the priest, "The king has charged me with a matter, and said to me, `Let no one know anything of the matter about which I send you, and with which I have charged you.' I have made an appointment with the young men for such and such a place.
21:3 現在你手下有甚麼？求你給我五個餅或是別樣的食物。」
Now then, what have you at hand? Give me five loaves of bread, or whatever is here."
21:4 祭司對大衛說：「我手下沒有尋常的餅，只有聖餅；若少年人沒有親近婦人才可以給。」
And the priest answered David, "I have no common bread at hand, but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women."
21:5 大衛對祭司說：「實在約有三日我們沒有親近婦人；我出來的時候，雖是尋常行路，少年人的器皿還是潔淨的；何況今日不更是潔淨嗎？」
And David answered the priest, "Of a truth women have been kept from us as always when I go on an expedition; the vessels of the young men are holy, even when it is a common journey; how much more today will their vessels be holy?"
21:6 祭司就拿聖餅給他；因為在那裡沒有別樣餅，只有更換新餅，從耶和華面前撤下來的陳設餅。
So the priest gave him the holy bread; for there was no bread there but the bread of the Presence, which is removed from before the LORD, to be replaced by hot bread on the day it is taken away.
21:7 （當日有掃羅的一個臣子留在耶和華面前。他名叫多益，是以東人，作掃羅的司牧長。）
Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the LORD; his name was Do'eg the E'domite, the chief of Saul's herdsmen.
21:8 大衛問亞希米勒說：「你手下有槍有刀沒有？因為王的事甚急，連刀劍器械我都沒有帶。」
And David said to Ahim'elech, "And have you not here a spear or a sword at hand? For I have brought neither my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king's business required haste."
21:9 祭司說：「你在以拉谷殺非利士人歌利亞的那刀在這裡，裹在布中，放在以弗得後邊，你要就可以拿去；除此以外，再沒有別的。」大衛說：「這刀沒有可比的！求你給我。」
And the priest said, "The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you killed in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod; if you will take that, take it, for there is none but that here." And David said, "There is none like that; give it to me."
21:10 那日大衛起來，躲避掃羅，逃到迦特王亞吉那裡。
And David rose and fled that day from Saul, and went to A'chish the king of Gath.
21:11 亞吉的臣僕對亞吉說：「這不是以色列國王大衛嗎？那裡的婦女跳舞唱和，不是指著他說『掃羅殺死千千，大衛殺死萬萬』嗎？」
And the servants of A'chish said to him, "Is not this David the king of the land? Did they not sing to one another of him in dances, `Saul has slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands'?"
21:12 大衛將這話放在心裡，甚懼怕迦特王亞吉，
And David took these words to heart, and was much afraid of A'chish the king of Gath.
21:13 就在眾人面前改變了尋常的舉動，在他們手下假裝瘋癲，在城門的門扇上胡寫亂畫，使唾沫流在鬍子上。
So he changed his behavior before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and made marks on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle run down his beard.
21:14 亞吉對臣僕說：「你們看，這人是瘋子。為甚麼帶他到我這裡來呢？
Then said A'chish to his servants, "Lo, you see the man is mad; why then have you brought him to me?
21:15 我豈缺少瘋子，你們帶這人來在我面前瘋癲嗎？這人豈可進我的家呢？」
Do I lack madmen, that you have brought this fellow to play the madman in my presence? Shall this fellow come into my house?"
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「那日大衛起來，躲避掃羅，逃到迦特王亞吉那裡。亞吉的臣僕對亞吉說：「這不是以色列國王大衛嗎？那裡的婦女跳舞唱和，不是指著他說『掃羅殺死千千，大衛殺死萬萬』嗎？」大衛將這話放在心裡，甚懼怕迦特王亞吉，就在眾人面前改變了尋常的舉動，在他們手下假裝瘋癲，在城門的門扇上胡寫亂畫，使唾沫流在鬍子上」。-(撒上 21:10 -13)
回覆刪除恐懼（12節）乃是大衛欺騙亞希米勒和亞吉的原因。恐懼猶如驕傲，是人的一種破壞性的性格，會產生許多錯誤的行動。大衛盡其所能採取步驟來保護自己，但我們也可能在困境中，為求生存，而像大衛一樣犯了以下三方面的錯誤：
1) 欺騙。從這一章的開始，大衛向大祭司亞希米勒說謊，編造細節以便滅少祭司，亞希米勒的懷疑。
2) 自私自利。他只想到自己的安全，卻沒有想到會危害亞希米勒。大衛認識多益，懷疑多益會向掃羅報告，但他仍然忽略那位無辜的祭司。
3) 缺少持續對神的信心 - 對上帝的信靠。大衛的以自我為中心的欺騙並不需要；顯示大衛沒有在緊急時候，仰望上帝尋求幫助。大衛在挪伯的態度(撒上21-22章），與他對付歌利亞時的信心，有很強烈的對比（撒上17章）。信心是需要每日都操練的，昨天的信心不能保證今天的信靠和忠貞。
可見，當人在受驚的環境下產生恐懼，缺少對持續對神的信心，因自私的緣故，常常會作出欺騙的行為，這是很自然的反應，求主幫助我們， 作基督徒的，當持續地信靠上帝可以勝過環境，勝過人和事物，正如許許多多基督徒殉道者所證實了的。──《每日研經叢書》