全新四年樂活讀經
W3 2012-05-16 (撒上20)
經文: 撒母耳記上 20:14-17 你要照耶和華的慈愛恩待我，不但我活著的時候免我死亡，就是我死後，耶和華從地上剪除你仇敵的時候，你也永不可向我家絕了恩惠。」於是約拿單與大衛家結盟，說：「願耶和華藉大衛的仇敵追討背約的罪。」約拿單因愛大衛如同愛自己的性命，就使他再起誓。
默想: 由於這段經文中詳細描述約拿單與大衛之間的愛以及盟誓，以致於有支持同性戀的聖經學者舉此為證，說約拿單與大衛之間是同性戀。從聖經的記載我們知道，約拿單與大衛都各自有自己的妻子與兒女，因此，我認為約拿單與大衛之間的關係，並不涉及同性戀，而是朋友與朋友之間最為親密的友情。這種友情非常寶貴，就像箴言中所說的，有一朋友比弟兄更親密。(箴18:24) 感謝主的恩典，在人與人之間的親密關係，除了異性戀與同性戀之外，還可以有這種彼此以真情與生命相結交的刎頸之交的寶貴友情。
題目: 此章中，約拿單與大衛面對「忠誠」大考驗！試問約拿單是否是上主要拯救大衛的大考驗？你與朋友一同面臨「忠誠」大考驗？
20:1 大衛從拉瑪的拿約逃跑，來到約拿單那裡，對他說：「我做了甚麼？有甚麼罪孽呢？在你父親面前犯了甚麼罪，他竟尋索我的性命呢？」
Then David fled from Nai'oth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, "What have I done? What is my guilt? And what is my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?"
20:2 約拿單回答說：「斷然不是！你必不致死。我父作事，無論大小，沒有不叫我知道的。怎麼獨有這事隱瞞我呢？決不如此。」
And he said to him, "Far from it! You shall not die. Behold, my father does nothing either great or small without disclosing it to me; and why should my father hide this from me? It is not so."
20:3 大衛又起誓說：「你父親準知我在你眼前蒙恩。他心裡說，不如不叫約拿單知道，恐怕他愁煩。我指著永生的耶和華，又敢在你面前起誓，我離死不過一步。」
But David replied, "Your father knows well that I have found favor in your eyes; and he thinks, `Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved.' But truly, as the LORD lives and as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death."
20:4 約拿單對大衛說：「你心裡所求的，我必為你成就。」
Then said Jonathan to David, "Whatever you say, I will do for you."
20:5 大衛對約拿單說：「明日是初一，我當與王同席，求你容我去藏在田野，直到第三日晚上。
David said to Jonathan, "Behold, tomorrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit at table with the king; but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field till the third day at evening.
20:6 你父親若見我不在席上，你就說：『大衛切求我許他回本城伯利恆去，因為他全家在那裡獻年祭。』
If your father misses me at all, then say, `David earnestly asked leave of me to run to Bethlehem his city; for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family.'
20:7 你父親若說好，僕人就平安了；他若發怒，你就知道他決意要害我。
If he says, `Good!' it will be well with your servant; but if he is angry, then know that evil is determined by him.
20:8 求你施恩與僕人，因你在耶和華面前曾與僕人結盟。我若有罪，不如你自己殺我，何必將我交給你父親呢？」
Therefore deal kindly with your servant, for you have brought your servant into a sacred covenant with you. But if there is guilt in me, slay me yourself; for why should you bring me to your father?"
20:9 約拿單說：「斷無此事！我若知道我父親決意害你，我豈不告訴你呢？」
And Jonathan said, "Far be it from you! If I knew that it was determined by my father that evil should come upon you, would I not tell you?"
20:10 大衛對約拿單說：「你父親若用厲言回答你，誰來告訴我呢？」
Then said David to Jonathan, "Who will tell me if your father answers you roughly?"
20:11 約拿單對大衛說：「你我且往田野去。」二人就往田野去了。
And Jonathan said to David, "Come, let us go out into the field." So they both went out into the field.
20:12 約拿單對大衛說：「願耶和華─以色列的 神為證。明日約在這時候，或第三日，我探我父親的意思，若向你有好意，我豈不打發人告訴你嗎？
And Jonathan said to David, "The LORD, the God of Israel, be witness! When I have sounded my father, about this time tomorrow, or the third day, behold, if he is well disposed toward David, shall I not then send and disclose it to you?
20:13 我父親若有意害你，我不告訴你使你平平安安地走，願耶和華重重地降罰與我。願耶和華與你同在，如同從前與我父親同在一樣。
But should it please my father to do you harm, the LORD do so to Jonathan, and more also, if I do not disclose it to you, and send you away, that you may go in safety. May the LORD be with you, as he has been with my father.
20:14 你要照耶和華的慈愛恩待我，不但我活著的時候免我死亡，
If I am still alive, show me the loyal love of the LORD, that I may not die;
20:15 就是我死後，耶和華從地上剪除你仇敵的時候，你也永不可向我家絕了恩惠。」
and do not cut off your loyalty from my house for ever. When the LORD cuts off every one of the enemies of David from the face of the earth,
20:16 於是約拿單與大衛家結盟，說：「願耶和華藉大衛的仇敵追討背約的罪。」
let not the name of Jonathan be cut off from the house of David. And may the LORD take vengeance on David's enemies."
20:17 約拿單因愛大衛如同愛自己的性命，就使他再起誓。
And Jonathan made David swear again by his love for him; for he loved him as he loved his own soul.
20:18 約拿單對他說：「明日是初一，你的座位空設，人必理會你不在那裡。
Then Jonathan said to him, "Tomorrow is the new moon; and you will be missed, because your seat will be empty.
20:19 你等三日，就要速速下去，到你從前遇事所藏的地方，在以色磐石那裡等候。
And on the third day you will be greatly missed; then go to the place where you hid yourself when the matter was in hand, and remain beside yonder stone heap.
20:20 我要向磐石旁邊射三箭，如同射箭靶一樣。
And I will shoot three arrows to the side of it, as though I shot at a mark.
20:21 我要打發童子，說：『去把箭找來。』我若對童子說：『箭在後頭，把箭拿來』，你就可以回來；我指著永生的耶和華起誓，你必平安無事。
And behold, I will send the lad, saying, `Go, find the arrows.' If I say to the lad, `Look, the arrows are on this side of you, take them,' then you are to come, for, as the LORD lives, it is safe for you and there is no danger.
20:22 我若對童子說：『箭在前頭』，你就要去，因為是耶和華打發你去的。
But if I say to the youth, `Look, the arrows are beyond you,' then go; for the LORD has sent you away.
20:23 至於你我今日所說的話，有耶和華在你我中間為證，直到永遠。」
And as for the matter of which you and I have spoken, behold, the LORD is between you and me for ever."
20:24 大衛就去藏在田野。到了初一日，王坐席要吃飯。
So David hid himself in the field; and when the new moon came, the king sat down to eat food.
20:25 王照常坐在靠牆的位上，約拿單侍立，押尼珥坐在掃羅旁邊，大衛的座位空設。
The king sat upon his seat, as at other times, upon the seat by the wall; Jonathan sat opposite, and Abner sat by Saul's side, but David's place was empty.
20:26 然而這日掃羅沒有說甚麼，他想大衛遇事，偶染不潔，他必定是不潔。
Yet Saul did not say anything that day; for he thought, "Something has befallen him; he is not clean, surely he is not clean."
20:27 初二日大衛的座位還空設。掃羅問他兒子約拿單說：「耶西的兒子為何昨日、今日沒有來吃飯呢？」
But on the second day, the morrow after the new moon, David's place was empty. And Saul said to Jonathan his son, "Why has not the son of Jesse come to the meal, either yesterday or today?"
20:28 約拿單回答掃羅說：「大衛切求我容他往伯利恆去。
Jonathan answered Saul, "David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem;
20:29 他說：『求你容我去，因為我家在城裡有獻祭的事；我長兄吩咐我去。如今我若在你眼前蒙恩，求你容我去見我的弟兄』；所以大衛沒有赴王的席。」
he said, `Let me go; for our family holds a sacrifice in the city, and my brother has commanded me to be there. So now, if I have found favor in your eyes, let me get away, and see my brothers.' For this reason he has not come to the king's table."
20:30 掃羅向約拿單發怒，對他說：「你這頑梗背逆之婦人所生的，我豈不知道你喜悅耶西的兒子，自取羞辱，以致你母親露體蒙羞嗎？
Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, "You son of a perverse, rebellious woman, do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame, and to the shame of your mother's nakedness?
20:31 耶西的兒子若在世間活著，你和你的國位必站立不住。現在你要打發人去，將他捉拿交給我；他是該死的。」
For as long as the son of Jesse lives upon the earth, neither you nor your kingdom shall be established. Therefore send and fetch him to me, for he shall surely die."
20:32 約拿單對父親掃羅說：「他為甚麼該死呢？他做了甚麼呢？」
Then Jonathan answered Saul his father, "Why should he be put to death? What has he done?"
20:33 掃羅向約拿單掄槍要刺他，約拿單就知道他父親決意要殺大衛。
But Saul cast his spear at him to smite him; so Jonathan knew that his father was determined to put David to death.
20:34 於是約拿單氣忿忿地從席上起來，在這初二日沒有吃飯。他因見父親羞辱大衛，就為大衛愁煩。
And Jonathan rose from the table in fierce anger and ate no food the second day of the month, for he was grieved for David, because his father had disgraced him.
20:35 次日早晨，約拿單按著與大衛約會的時候出到田野，有一個童子跟隨。
In the morning Jonathan went out into the field to the appointment with David, and with him a little lad.
20:36 約拿單對童子說：「你跑去，把我所射的箭找來。」童子跑去，約拿單就把箭射在童子前頭。
And he said to his lad, "Run and find the arrows which I shoot." As the lad ran, he shot an arrow beyond him.
20:37 童子到了約拿單落箭之地，約拿單呼叫童子說：「箭不是在你前頭嗎？」
And when the lad came to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan called after the lad and said, "Is not the arrow beyond you?"
20:38 約拿單又呼叫童子說：「速速地去，不要遲延！」童子就拾起箭來，回到主人那裡。
And Jonathan called after the lad, "Hurry, make haste, stay not." So Jonathan's lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.
20:39 童子卻不知道這是甚麼意思，只有約拿單和大衛知道。
But the lad knew nothing; only Jonathan and David knew the matter.
20:40 約拿單將弓箭交給童子，吩咐說：「你拿到城裡去。」
And Jonathan gave his weapons to his lad, and said to him, "Go and carry them to the city."
20:41 童子一去，大衛就從磐石的南邊出來，俯伏在地，拜了三拜；二人親嘴，彼此哭泣，大衛哭得更慟。
And as soon as the lad had gone, David rose from beside the stone heap and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed three times; and they kissed one another, and wept with one another, until David recovered himself.
20:42 約拿單對大衛說：「我們二人曾指著耶和華的名起誓說：『願耶和華在你我中間，並你我後裔中間為證，直到永遠。』如今你平平安安地去吧！」大衛就起身走了；約拿單也回城裡去了。
Then Jonathan said to David, "Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying, `The LORD shall be between me and you, and between my descendants and your descendants, for ever.'" And he rose and departed; and Jonathan went into the city.
Then David fled from Nai'oth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, "What have I done? What is my guilt? And what is my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?"
20:2 約拿單回答說：「斷然不是！你必不致死。我父作事，無論大小，沒有不叫我知道的。怎麼獨有這事隱瞞我呢？決不如此。」
And he said to him, "Far from it! You shall not die. Behold, my father does nothing either great or small without disclosing it to me; and why should my father hide this from me? It is not so."
20:3 大衛又起誓說：「你父親準知我在你眼前蒙恩。他心裡說，不如不叫約拿單知道，恐怕他愁煩。我指著永生的耶和華，又敢在你面前起誓，我離死不過一步。」
But David replied, "Your father knows well that I have found favor in your eyes; and he thinks, `Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved.' But truly, as the LORD lives and as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death."
20:4 約拿單對大衛說：「你心裡所求的，我必為你成就。」
Then said Jonathan to David, "Whatever you say, I will do for you."
20:5 大衛對約拿單說：「明日是初一，我當與王同席，求你容我去藏在田野，直到第三日晚上。
David said to Jonathan, "Behold, tomorrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit at table with the king; but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field till the third day at evening.
20:6 你父親若見我不在席上，你就說：『大衛切求我許他回本城伯利恆去，因為他全家在那裡獻年祭。』
If your father misses me at all, then say, `David earnestly asked leave of me to run to Bethlehem his city; for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family.'
20:7 你父親若說好，僕人就平安了；他若發怒，你就知道他決意要害我。
If he says, `Good!' it will be well with your servant; but if he is angry, then know that evil is determined by him.
20:8 求你施恩與僕人，因你在耶和華面前曾與僕人結盟。我若有罪，不如你自己殺我，何必將我交給你父親呢？」
Therefore deal kindly with your servant, for you have brought your servant into a sacred covenant with you. But if there is guilt in me, slay me yourself; for why should you bring me to your father?"
20:9 約拿單說：「斷無此事！我若知道我父親決意害你，我豈不告訴你呢？」
And Jonathan said, "Far be it from you! If I knew that it was determined by my father that evil should come upon you, would I not tell you?"
20:10 大衛對約拿單說：「你父親若用厲言回答你，誰來告訴我呢？」
Then said David to Jonathan, "Who will tell me if your father answers you roughly?"
20:11 約拿單對大衛說：「你我且往田野去。」二人就往田野去了。
And Jonathan said to David, "Come, let us go out into the field." So they both went out into the field.
20:12 約拿單對大衛說：「願耶和華─以色列的 神為證。明日約在這時候，或第三日，我探我父親的意思，若向你有好意，我豈不打發人告訴你嗎？
And Jonathan said to David, "The LORD, the God of Israel, be witness! When I have sounded my father, about this time tomorrow, or the third day, behold, if he is well disposed toward David, shall I not then send and disclose it to you?
20:13 我父親若有意害你，我不告訴你使你平平安安地走，願耶和華重重地降罰與我。願耶和華與你同在，如同從前與我父親同在一樣。
But should it please my father to do you harm, the LORD do so to Jonathan, and more also, if I do not disclose it to you, and send you away, that you may go in safety. May the LORD be with you, as he has been with my father.
20:14 你要照耶和華的慈愛恩待我，不但我活著的時候免我死亡，
If I am still alive, show me the loyal love of the LORD, that I may not die;
20:15 就是我死後，耶和華從地上剪除你仇敵的時候，你也永不可向我家絕了恩惠。」
and do not cut off your loyalty from my house for ever. When the LORD cuts off every one of the enemies of David from the face of the earth,
20:16 於是約拿單與大衛家結盟，說：「願耶和華藉大衛的仇敵追討背約的罪。」
let not the name of Jonathan be cut off from the house of David. And may the LORD take vengeance on David's enemies."
20:17 約拿單因愛大衛如同愛自己的性命，就使他再起誓。
And Jonathan made David swear again by his love for him; for he loved him as he loved his own soul.
20:18 約拿單對他說：「明日是初一，你的座位空設，人必理會你不在那裡。
Then Jonathan said to him, "Tomorrow is the new moon; and you will be missed, because your seat will be empty.
20:19 你等三日，就要速速下去，到你從前遇事所藏的地方，在以色磐石那裡等候。
And on the third day you will be greatly missed; then go to the place where you hid yourself when the matter was in hand, and remain beside yonder stone heap.
20:20 我要向磐石旁邊射三箭，如同射箭靶一樣。
And I will shoot three arrows to the side of it, as though I shot at a mark.
20:21 我要打發童子，說：『去把箭找來。』我若對童子說：『箭在後頭，把箭拿來』，你就可以回來；我指著永生的耶和華起誓，你必平安無事。
And behold, I will send the lad, saying, `Go, find the arrows.' If I say to the lad, `Look, the arrows are on this side of you, take them,' then you are to come, for, as the LORD lives, it is safe for you and there is no danger.
20:22 我若對童子說：『箭在前頭』，你就要去，因為是耶和華打發你去的。
But if I say to the youth, `Look, the arrows are beyond you,' then go; for the LORD has sent you away.
20:23 至於你我今日所說的話，有耶和華在你我中間為證，直到永遠。」
And as for the matter of which you and I have spoken, behold, the LORD is between you and me for ever."
20:24 大衛就去藏在田野。到了初一日，王坐席要吃飯。
So David hid himself in the field; and when the new moon came, the king sat down to eat food.
20:25 王照常坐在靠牆的位上，約拿單侍立，押尼珥坐在掃羅旁邊，大衛的座位空設。
The king sat upon his seat, as at other times, upon the seat by the wall; Jonathan sat opposite, and Abner sat by Saul's side, but David's place was empty.
20:26 然而這日掃羅沒有說甚麼，他想大衛遇事，偶染不潔，他必定是不潔。
Yet Saul did not say anything that day; for he thought, "Something has befallen him; he is not clean, surely he is not clean."
20:27 初二日大衛的座位還空設。掃羅問他兒子約拿單說：「耶西的兒子為何昨日、今日沒有來吃飯呢？」
But on the second day, the morrow after the new moon, David's place was empty. And Saul said to Jonathan his son, "Why has not the son of Jesse come to the meal, either yesterday or today?"
20:28 約拿單回答掃羅說：「大衛切求我容他往伯利恆去。
Jonathan answered Saul, "David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem;
20:29 他說：『求你容我去，因為我家在城裡有獻祭的事；我長兄吩咐我去。如今我若在你眼前蒙恩，求你容我去見我的弟兄』；所以大衛沒有赴王的席。」
he said, `Let me go; for our family holds a sacrifice in the city, and my brother has commanded me to be there. So now, if I have found favor in your eyes, let me get away, and see my brothers.' For this reason he has not come to the king's table."
20:30 掃羅向約拿單發怒，對他說：「你這頑梗背逆之婦人所生的，我豈不知道你喜悅耶西的兒子，自取羞辱，以致你母親露體蒙羞嗎？
Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, "You son of a perverse, rebellious woman, do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame, and to the shame of your mother's nakedness?
20:31 耶西的兒子若在世間活著，你和你的國位必站立不住。現在你要打發人去，將他捉拿交給我；他是該死的。」
For as long as the son of Jesse lives upon the earth, neither you nor your kingdom shall be established. Therefore send and fetch him to me, for he shall surely die."
20:32 約拿單對父親掃羅說：「他為甚麼該死呢？他做了甚麼呢？」
Then Jonathan answered Saul his father, "Why should he be put to death? What has he done?"
20:33 掃羅向約拿單掄槍要刺他，約拿單就知道他父親決意要殺大衛。
But Saul cast his spear at him to smite him; so Jonathan knew that his father was determined to put David to death.
20:34 於是約拿單氣忿忿地從席上起來，在這初二日沒有吃飯。他因見父親羞辱大衛，就為大衛愁煩。
And Jonathan rose from the table in fierce anger and ate no food the second day of the month, for he was grieved for David, because his father had disgraced him.
20:35 次日早晨，約拿單按著與大衛約會的時候出到田野，有一個童子跟隨。
In the morning Jonathan went out into the field to the appointment with David, and with him a little lad.
20:36 約拿單對童子說：「你跑去，把我所射的箭找來。」童子跑去，約拿單就把箭射在童子前頭。
And he said to his lad, "Run and find the arrows which I shoot." As the lad ran, he shot an arrow beyond him.
20:37 童子到了約拿單落箭之地，約拿單呼叫童子說：「箭不是在你前頭嗎？」
And when the lad came to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan called after the lad and said, "Is not the arrow beyond you?"
20:38 約拿單又呼叫童子說：「速速地去，不要遲延！」童子就拾起箭來，回到主人那裡。
And Jonathan called after the lad, "Hurry, make haste, stay not." So Jonathan's lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.
20:39 童子卻不知道這是甚麼意思，只有約拿單和大衛知道。
But the lad knew nothing; only Jonathan and David knew the matter.
20:40 約拿單將弓箭交給童子，吩咐說：「你拿到城裡去。」
And Jonathan gave his weapons to his lad, and said to him, "Go and carry them to the city."
20:41 童子一去，大衛就從磐石的南邊出來，俯伏在地，拜了三拜；二人親嘴，彼此哭泣，大衛哭得更慟。
And as soon as the lad had gone, David rose from beside the stone heap and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed three times; and they kissed one another, and wept with one another, until David recovered himself.
20:42 約拿單對大衛說：「我們二人曾指著耶和華的名起誓說：『願耶和華在你我中間，並你我後裔中間為證，直到永遠。』如今你平平安安地去吧！」大衛就起身走了；約拿單也回城裡去了。
Then Jonathan said to David, "Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying, `The LORD shall be between me and you, and between my descendants and your descendants, for ever.'" And he rose and departed; and Jonathan went into the city.
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經文摘要：
回覆刪除「約拿單愛大衛，如同愛自己的性命，就與他結盟」。(撒上 18:3)
「於是約拿單與大衛家結盟（covenant），說：「願耶和華藉大衛的仇敵追討背約的罪。」約拿單因愛大衛如同愛自己的性命，就使他再起誓」。（撒上 20:16-17）
約拿單愛大衛，如同愛自己的性命, 可見約拿單與大衛的友情是勝於「莫逆之交」。不僅如此，約拿單和大衛在撒上18：3 節和20：16 又先後結了兩次的盟約（covenant）。因為這個盟約的關係，雙方都要按照盟約的規定，彼此有義務要照顧，保護對方的安危。從這幾章經文看來，我們知道約拿單是一個有「誠信」（Integrity）的人。正如詩篇 15:2-4節告訴我們的：要做個「。。行為正直、做事公義、心裡說實話的人，他不以舌頭讒謗人，不惡待朋友，也不隨夥毀謗鄰里。他眼中藐視匪類，卻尊重那敬畏耶和華的人。」。
Dr. Chuck Swindoll 在的『活的生命：順服心志的獎賞』（A Life Well Lived: Discover the Rewards of an Obedient Heart ）講道系列：4/26/2012 日的, Insight for Living信息：「享受上頭來到賞賜（一）」曾提到「誠信」的核心（Core of Iintegrity）的主要的七個意義：
1) 誠信是不能被滲透的（honesty cannot be penetrated）.
2) 誠信的希伯來文叫תֹּם [tom /tome/]（integrity），是指完全的（completeness） ，未受損的（unimpaired condition）、無可責難的（blamelessness）, 未受損的（unimpaired condition）、整體的（wholeness），健康的（soundness）,
3) 有誠信的人（a person of integrity）是堅固的, 實心的（solid）, 不可改變的（untouched）,
4) 不會被分裂的（is not divided）
5) 不會口是心非, 表裡不一, 不誠實 的（duplicity，deceitfulness）
6) 沒有不可告人的（nothing to fear to hide）, 見不得人的事（nothing to lose）
7) 不會假裝作做秀（will not pose）
求主幫助我們，在生活上，要學習像但以理和約拿單一樣，作個有真正的誠信（integrity）的人。 讓我們所說的和所作的，沒有兩套標準。 謹慎小心，的舉止，我們的言行，生活的見證，會直接/間接地影響我們周遭到人。求主幫助我們做個有骨氣，有誠信，有生命，有見證的基督徒！