全新四年樂活讀經
W3 2011-10-26 (可7)
經文: 馬可福音 7:7-8 他們將人的吩咐當做道理教導人，所以拜我也是枉然。你們是離棄神的誡命，拘守人的遺傳。
默想: 自從摩西從上帝領受十誡以及各種律例典章以來，猶太人的拉比就一直不斷的對這些耶和華所親自頒布的誡命、律例、典章的意義與實踐方法，加以說明與詮釋，這些原來是好意要幫助以色列人能夠更明白耶和華心意的詮釋與說明，就逐漸的形成了法利賽人所遵行的傳統了。傳統本身並非不好，但是，如果我們把傳統視為耶和華所頒布的誡命典章，這就犯了本末倒置的錯誤了。聖經的內容是聖靈的啟示，但是，對於聖經內容的說明或是詮釋，則是人類對於上帝話語的個人瞭解或解識。這些傳統或詮釋，是很寶貴的參考資料，但是，其價值也應該謹止於此，就是可以作為我們瞭解聖經含意的重要參考資料。我們不要把詮釋是為是聖經的一部份，才不會犯了法利賽人的錯誤。
題目: 18-23節，耶穌對門徒解釋比喻的意思是什麼？你有何看法與學習？你個人的反省是什麼？
Now when the Pharisees gathered together to him, with some of the scribes, who had come from Jerusalem,
7:2 他們曾看見他的門徒中有人用俗手，就是沒有洗的手，吃飯。
they saw that some of his disciples ate with hands defiled, that is, unwashed.
7:3 （原來法利賽人和猶太人都拘守古人的遺傳，若不仔細洗手就不吃飯；
(For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, do not eat unless they wash their hands, observing the tradition of the elders;
7:4 從市上來，若不洗浴也不吃飯；還有好些別的規矩，他們歷代拘守，就是洗杯、罐、銅器等物。）
and when they come from the market place, they do not eat unless they purify themselves; and there are many other traditions which they observe, the washing of cups and pots and vessels of bronze.)
7:5 法利賽人和文士問他說：你的門徒為甚麼不照古人的遺傳，用俗手吃飯呢？
And the Pharisees and the scribes asked him, "Why do your disciples not live according to the tradition of the elders, but eat with hands defiled?"
7:6 耶穌說：以賽亞指著你們假冒為善之人所說的預言是不錯的。如經上說：這百姓用嘴唇尊敬我，心卻遠離我。
And he said to them, "Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written, `This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me;
7:7 他們將人的吩咐當作道理教導人，所以拜我也是枉然。
in vain do they worship me, teaching as doctrines the precepts of men.'
7:8 你們是離棄 神的誡命，拘守人的遺傳；
You leave the commandment of God, and hold fast the tradition of men."
7:9 又說：你們誠然是廢棄 神的誡命，要守自己的遺傳。
And he said to them, "You have a fine way of rejecting the commandment of God, in order to keep your tradition!
7:10 摩西說：當孝敬父母；又說：咒罵父母的，必治死他。
For Moses said, `Honor your father and your mother'; and, `He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him surely die';
7:11 你們倒說：人若對父母說：我所當奉給你的，已經作了各耳板（各耳板就是供獻的意思），
but you say, `If a man tells his father or his mother, What you would have gained from me is Corban' (that is, given to God) --
7:12 以後你們就不容他再奉養父母。
then you no longer permit him to do anything for his father or mother,
7:13 這就是你們承接遺傳，廢了 神的道。你們還做許多這樣的事。
thus making void the word of God through your tradition which you hand on. And many such things you do."
7:14 耶穌又叫眾人來，對他們說：你們都要聽我的話，也要明白。
And he called the people to him again, and said to them, "Hear me, all of you, and understand:
7:15 從外面進去的不能污穢人，惟有從裡面出來的乃能污穢人。（有古卷在此有：
there is nothing outside a man which by going into him can defile him; but the things which come out of a man are what defile him."
7:16 有耳可聽的，就應當聽！）
7:17 耶穌離開眾人，進了屋子，門徒就問他這比喻的意思。
And when he had entered the house, and left the people, his disciples asked him about the parable.
7:18 耶穌對他們說：你們也是這樣不明白嗎？豈不曉得凡從外面進入的，不能污穢人，
And he said to them, "Then are you also without understanding? Do you not see that whatever goes into a man from outside cannot defile him,
7:19 因為不是入他的心，乃是入他的肚腹，又落到茅廁裡。這是說，各樣的食物都是潔淨的；
since it enters, not his heart but his stomach, and so passes on?" (Thus he declared all foods clean.)
7:20 又說：從人裡面出來的，那才能污穢人；
And he said, "What comes out of a man is what defiles a man.
7:21 因為從裡面，就是從人心裡，發出惡念、苟合、
For from within, out of the heart of man, come evil thoughts, fornication, theft, murder, adultery,
7:22 偷盜、兇殺、姦淫、貪婪、邪惡、詭詐、淫蕩、嫉妒、謗讟、驕傲、狂妄。
coveting, wickedness, deceit, licentiousness, envy, slander, pride, foolishness.
7:23 這一切的惡都是從裡面出來，且能污穢人。
All these evil things come from within, and they defile a man."
7:24 耶穌從那裡起身，往泰爾、西頓的境內去，進了一家，不願意人知道，卻隱藏不住。
And from there he arose and went away to the region of Tyre and Sidon. And he entered a house, and would not have any one know it; yet he could not be hid.
7:25 當下，有一個婦人，他的小女兒被污鬼附著，聽見耶穌的事，就來俯伏在他腳前。
But immediately a woman, whose little daughter was possessed by an unclean spirit, heard of him, and came and fell down at his feet.
7:26 這婦人是希臘人，屬敘利腓尼基族。她求耶穌趕出那鬼離開她的女兒。
Now the woman was a Greek, a Syrophoeni'cian by birth. And she begged him to cast the demon out of her daughter.
7:27 耶穌對她說：讓兒女們先吃飽，不好拿兒女的餅丟給狗吃。
And he said to her, "Let the children first be fed, for it is not right to take the children's bread and throw it to the dogs."
7:28 婦人回答說：主啊，不錯；但是狗在桌子底下也吃孩子們的碎渣兒。
But she answered him, "Yes, Lord; yet even the dogs under the table eat the children's crumbs."
7:29 耶穌對她說：因這句話，你回去吧；鬼已經離開你的女兒了。
And he said to her, "For this saying you may go your way; the demon has left your daughter."
7:30 她就回家去，見小孩子躺在床上，鬼已經出去了。
And she went home, and found the child lying in bed, and the demon gone.
7:31 耶穌又離了泰爾的境界，經過西頓，就從低加坡里境內來到加利利海。
Then he returned from the region of Tyre, and went through Sidon to the Sea of Galilee, through the region of the Decap'olis.
7:32 有人帶著一個耳聾舌結的人來見耶穌，求他按手在他身上。
And they brought to him a man who was deaf and had an impediment in his speech; and they besought him to lay his hand upon him.
7:33 耶穌領他離開眾人，到一邊去，就用指頭探他的耳朵，吐唾沫抹他的舌頭，
And taking him aside from the multitude privately, he put his fingers into his ears, and he spat and touched his tongue;
7:34 望天歎息，對他說：以法大！就是說：開了吧！
and looking up to heaven, he sighed, and said to him, "Eph'phatha," that is, "Be opened."
7:35 他的耳朵就開了，舌結也解了，說話也清楚了。
And his ears were opened, his tongue was released, and he spoke plainly.
7:36 耶穌囑咐他們不要告訴人；但他越發囑咐，他們越發傳揚開了。
And he charged them to tell no one; but the more he charged them, the more zealously they proclaimed it.
7:37 眾人分外希奇，說：他所做的事都好，他連聾子也叫他們聽見，啞巴也叫他們說話。
And they were astonished beyond measure, saying, "He has done all things well; he even makes the deaf hear and the dumb speak."
今日心得上傳及閱讀請到
1. 蔡茂堂牧師blog: http://hopingtsaidevotion.blogspot.com/
2. 李晶晶牧師blog: http://taipeihoping-chin.blogspot.com/
蔡茂堂牧師創世記查經班歷年錄音檔案:
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在解釋比喻的時候，耶穌將外面的污穢與人心中的污穢作一個清楚的比較。耶穌說明食物並不影響人的心。從人心裹面出來的，才能污穢人：惡念、苟合、偷盜、兇殺、姦淫、貪婪、邪惡、詭詐、淫蕩、嫉妒、謗讟、驕傲、狂妄。加上傳統猶太教的觀念和傳統。耶穌給予法利賽人和文士很嚴厲的批判，也正是因為他們過分重視外表的潔淨，而忽略了內心的污穢，結果將輕與重的原則倒置了。
回覆刪除馬可福音 7:23 告訴我們：「這一切的惡都是從裡面 ( ἔσωθεν within )出來，且能污穢（κοινόω）人」。這個惡（πονηρός ；toilsome, bad ）, 一切的惡行都是出於人心中的惡念 (Inner man)。同樣的字（κοινόω）出現在馬太福音 15:11：「入口的不能污穢人，出口的乃能污穢人。」；馬太福音 15:18 「惟獨出口的，是從心裡發出來的，這才污穢人。」; 馬太福音 15:20： 「這都是污穢人的；至於不洗手吃飯，那卻不污穢人」。這個污穢（κοινόω）字，根據TDNT所述：在新約對個人的聖潔觀來看，它是指個人與上帝相交的能力被催毀了，並不是指物質上的不潔淨（食物或手），而是指個人罪的問題 （the capacity for fellowship with God is destroyed, not by material uncleanness (foods, hands), but only by personal sin.）。
求主幫助我們，我們要尊重各教會的傳統和儀式，但我們絕不可把教會的傳統和觀念取代「上帝的話」，「基督的教訓」或「聖經的話」。我們不要把詮釋當做是聖經的一部份，才不會犯了法利賽人的錯誤。求主開起我們心裡的眼睛，能分辨是非，是就說是，不是就說不是，每天與主同行，過個聖潔的生活，不要因為個人隱而未現的罪，成為我們與上帝親近的攔阻，無法與上帝親蜜的相交。