全新四年樂活讀經
W1 2011-10-17 (民36)
經文: 民數記 36:6-7 論到西羅非哈的眾女兒，耶和華這樣吩咐說：他們可以隨意嫁人，只是要嫁同宗支派的人。這樣，以色列人的產業就不從這支派歸到那支派，因為以色列人要各守各祖宗支派的產業。
默想: 有關產業繼承的議題，是由於沒有子嗣去世者之產業繼承問題，由西羅非哈五位女兒所提出，摩西向耶和華請示之後，從耶和華得到有關無子嗣者去世後，其遺留產業的繼承優序排列。這是記載在民數記27章的內容。到了民數記36章，西羅非哈五個女兒都長大到了適婚年齡了，約瑟的後裔，瑪拿西的孫子，瑪吉的兒子基列，他子孫中的諸族長又發現，西羅非哈五個女兒如果嫁到別的支派，則他們所擁有的土地就會歸到他們所下嫁丈夫所屬的支派之中，如此，會造成基列支派所擁有支派祖宗產業的外移問題。為了解決這個問題，耶和華曉喻摩西，限制西羅非哈五位女兒之結婚對象，必須在同一支派之中尋找。我們看來，個人婚姻對象之選擇權，必須臣服在支派祖宗產業擁有權之下面。我想是否可以考慮另一個可能的選項，就是，西羅非哈五個女兒，如果自己所喜歡的對象是屬於別的支派時，必須在結婚時，同時宣告將其所擁有之祖宗產業，轉歸其原有支派之最高順位親屬。不知道耶和華對於我的這個建議，會做出如何的判斷。
題目: 對於規定承繼產業的女子必須嫁同宗支派的人，你有何看法？
36:1 約瑟的後裔，瑪拿西的孫子，瑪吉的兒子基列，他子孫中的諸族長來到摩西和作首領的以色列人族長面前，說：
The heads of the fathers' houses of the families of the sons of Gilead the son of Machir, son of Manas'seh, of the fathers' houses of the sons of Joseph, came near and spoke before Moses and before the leaders, the heads of the fathers' houses of the people of Israel;
36:2 「耶和華曾吩咐我主拈鬮分地給以色列人為業，我主也受了耶和華的吩咐將我們兄弟西羅非哈的產業分給他的眾女兒。
they said, "The LORD commanded my lord to give the land for inheritance by lot to the people of Israel; and my lord was commanded by the LORD to give the inheritance of Zeloph'ehad our brother to his daughters.
36:3 她們若嫁以色列別支派的人，就必將我們祖宗所遺留的產業加在她們丈夫支派的產業中。這樣，我們拈鬮所得的產業就要減少了。
But if they are married to any of the sons of the other tribes of the people of Israel then their inheritance will be taken from the inheritance of our fathers, and added to the inheritance of the tribe to which they belong; so it will be taken away from the lot of our inheritance.
36:4 到了以色列人的禧年，這女兒的產業就必加在她們丈夫支派的產業上。這樣，我們祖宗支派的產業就減少了。」
And when the jubilee of the people of Israel comes, then their inheritance will be added to the inheritance of the tribe to which they belong; and their inheritance will be taken from the inheritance of the tribe of our fathers."
36:5 摩西照耶和華的話吩咐以色列人說：「約瑟支派的人說得有理。
And Moses commanded the people of Israel according to the word of the LORD, saying, "The tribe of the sons of Joseph is right.
36:6 論到西羅非哈的眾女兒，耶和華這樣吩咐說：她們可以隨意嫁人，只是要嫁同宗支派的人。
This is what the LORD commands concerning the daughters of Zeloph'ehad, `Let them marry whom they think best; only, they shall marry within the family of the tribe of their father.
36:7 這樣，以色列人的產業就不從這支派歸到那支派，因為以色列人要各守各祖宗支派的產業。
The inheritance of the people of Israel shall not be transferred from one tribe to another; for every one of the people of Israel shall cleave to the inheritance of the tribe of his fathers.
36:8 凡在以色列支派中得了產業的女子必作同宗支派人的妻，好叫以色列人各自承受他祖宗的產業。
And every daughter who possesses an inheritance in any tribe of the people of Israel shall be wife to one of the family of the tribe of her father, so that every one of the people of Israel may possess the inheritance of his fathers.
36:9 這樣，他們的產業就不從這支派歸到那支派，因為以色列支派的人要各守各的產業。」
So no inheritance shall be transferred from one tribe to another; for each of the tribes of the people of Israel shall cleave to its own inheritance.'"
36:10 耶和華怎樣吩咐摩西，西羅非哈的眾女兒就怎樣行。
The daughters of Zeloph'ehad did as the LORD commanded Moses;
36:11 西羅非哈的女兒瑪拉、得撒、曷拉、密迦、挪阿都嫁了他們伯叔的兒子。
for Mahlah, Tirzah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Noah, the daughters of Zeloph'ehad, were married to sons of their father's brothers.
36:12 她們嫁入約瑟兒子、瑪拿西子孫的族中；她們的產業仍留在同宗支派中。
They were married into the families of the sons of Manas'seh the son of Joseph, and their inheritance remained in the tribe of the family of their father.
36:13 這是耶和華在摩押平原─約旦河邊、耶利哥對面─藉著摩西所吩咐以色列人的命令典章。
These are the commandments and the ordinances which the LORD commanded by Moses to the people of Israel in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho.
The heads of the fathers' houses of the families of the sons of Gilead the son of Machir, son of Manas'seh, of the fathers' houses of the sons of Joseph, came near and spoke before Moses and before the leaders, the heads of the fathers' houses of the people of Israel;
36:2 「耶和華曾吩咐我主拈鬮分地給以色列人為業，我主也受了耶和華的吩咐將我們兄弟西羅非哈的產業分給他的眾女兒。
they said, "The LORD commanded my lord to give the land for inheritance by lot to the people of Israel; and my lord was commanded by the LORD to give the inheritance of Zeloph'ehad our brother to his daughters.
36:3 她們若嫁以色列別支派的人，就必將我們祖宗所遺留的產業加在她們丈夫支派的產業中。這樣，我們拈鬮所得的產業就要減少了。
But if they are married to any of the sons of the other tribes of the people of Israel then their inheritance will be taken from the inheritance of our fathers, and added to the inheritance of the tribe to which they belong; so it will be taken away from the lot of our inheritance.
36:4 到了以色列人的禧年，這女兒的產業就必加在她們丈夫支派的產業上。這樣，我們祖宗支派的產業就減少了。」
And when the jubilee of the people of Israel comes, then their inheritance will be added to the inheritance of the tribe to which they belong; and their inheritance will be taken from the inheritance of the tribe of our fathers."
36:5 摩西照耶和華的話吩咐以色列人說：「約瑟支派的人說得有理。
And Moses commanded the people of Israel according to the word of the LORD, saying, "The tribe of the sons of Joseph is right.
36:6 論到西羅非哈的眾女兒，耶和華這樣吩咐說：她們可以隨意嫁人，只是要嫁同宗支派的人。
This is what the LORD commands concerning the daughters of Zeloph'ehad, `Let them marry whom they think best; only, they shall marry within the family of the tribe of their father.
36:7 這樣，以色列人的產業就不從這支派歸到那支派，因為以色列人要各守各祖宗支派的產業。
The inheritance of the people of Israel shall not be transferred from one tribe to another; for every one of the people of Israel shall cleave to the inheritance of the tribe of his fathers.
36:8 凡在以色列支派中得了產業的女子必作同宗支派人的妻，好叫以色列人各自承受他祖宗的產業。
And every daughter who possesses an inheritance in any tribe of the people of Israel shall be wife to one of the family of the tribe of her father, so that every one of the people of Israel may possess the inheritance of his fathers.
36:9 這樣，他們的產業就不從這支派歸到那支派，因為以色列支派的人要各守各的產業。」
So no inheritance shall be transferred from one tribe to another; for each of the tribes of the people of Israel shall cleave to its own inheritance.'"
36:10 耶和華怎樣吩咐摩西，西羅非哈的眾女兒就怎樣行。
The daughters of Zeloph'ehad did as the LORD commanded Moses;
36:11 西羅非哈的女兒瑪拉、得撒、曷拉、密迦、挪阿都嫁了他們伯叔的兒子。
for Mahlah, Tirzah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Noah, the daughters of Zeloph'ehad, were married to sons of their father's brothers.
36:12 她們嫁入約瑟兒子、瑪拿西子孫的族中；她們的產業仍留在同宗支派中。
They were married into the families of the sons of Manas'seh the son of Joseph, and their inheritance remained in the tribe of the family of their father.
36:13 這是耶和華在摩押平原─約旦河邊、耶利哥對面─藉著摩西所吩咐以色列人的命令典章。
These are the commandments and the ordinances which the LORD commanded by Moses to the people of Israel in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho.
今日心得上傳及閱讀請到
1. 蔡茂堂牧師blog: http://hopingtsaidevotion.blogspot.com/
2. 李晶晶牧師blog: http://taipeihoping-chin.blogspot.com/
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對於沒有子嗣去世者之產業繼承的議題，可從兩方面來看：
回覆刪除1） 從路得記4：1～15節， 我們看到拿俄米的智慧，波阿斯的英明，對那「至近的親屬」曉以大義，要求他先贖那塊地，後請那「至近的親屬」娶路得為妻；可惜，但那至近的親屬不肯。後只好在長老和眾民前作見證下，波阿斯正式娶了路得為妻，好在死人（以利米勒和他的兩個兒子：瑪倫和基連）的產業上存留他的名，免得他們的名在本族本鄉滅沒。
2） 同樣地，從創世紀 38:8~26節， 我們看到：猶大為長子珥娶妻，名叫他瑪。猶大的長子珥在耶和華眼中看為惡，耶和華就叫他死了。猶大對俄南說：「你當與你哥哥的妻子同房，向他盡你為弟的本分，為你哥哥生子立後」。爾後他瑪為了「生子立後」，有了段曲折的故事，猶大承認說：「他比我更有『義』，因為我沒有將他給我的兒子示拉。」
是的， 猶太人對「在產業上，以那『沒有子嗣去世者』存留的名」看作至為重要，但「生子立後」才能確據上帝所應許/所賜的產業，有子嗣者才能正式繼承產業，不會因至近的親屬，或私心而使得地（產業）不能贖 或「無子不能立後」等種種，使得產業不得繼承的問題。
蔡牧師的建議：『西羅非哈五個女兒，如果自己所喜歡的對象是屬於別的支派時，必須在結婚時，同時宣告將其所擁有之祖宗產業，轉歸其原有支派之最高順位親屬』；雖解決「沒有子嗣去世者之產業繼承」的議題，暫時他們的產業仍能留在同宗支派中（瑪拿西子孫的族中）的事實，但無法解決「生子立後」的問題。若沒有 西羅非哈的子嗣，他們就從此就無法永遠「在產業上，以『西羅非哈』的子嗣名義存留那原本『西羅非哈』的產業」。這『無後為大』實在輕忽不得。以現代人的眼光，看這些近親結婚倫理與近親DNA基因的問題，實在不宜鼓勵。但上帝在舊約時代，有許多的事情，祂都成就，我們用人有限的知識，難以明瞭。但有一個原則很重要：「耶和華怎樣吩咐摩西，西羅非哈的眾女兒就怎樣行」（民數記 36:10～11節）。西羅非哈五個女兒的「順服」，沒有現代版的為愛情而離家出走，或嫁給其他支派的人，他們嫁入約瑟兒子、瑪拿西子孫的族中；他們的產業仍留在同宗支派中。這是不變的事實。