經文: 申命記 12:1-4 你們存活於世的日子，在耶和華你們列祖的神所賜你們為業的地上，要謹守遵行的律例典章乃是這些：你們要將所趕出的國民事奉神的各地方，無論是在高山，在小山，在各青翠樹下，都毀壞了；也要拆毀他們的祭壇，打碎他們的柱像，用火焚燒他們的木偶，砍下他們雕刻的神像，並將其名從那地方除滅。你們不可照他們那樣事奉耶和華你們的神。
默想: 耶和華吩咐以色列人要將外邦的宗教信仰相關一切事物完全摧毀滅盡，因為這些外邦信仰的事物，會在我們不知不覺當中，影響我們對於耶和華的侍奉態度與方式。當我們從任何其他信仰皈依為信奉上帝時，我們往往只是將所信奉的神明名稱改換為上帝，但是在我們與上帝的關係，以及我們心底深處的價值體系，卻還是紋風不動的保持原來的模樣。這是所謂的換湯不換藥。保羅在羅馬書12章1-2節勸告羅馬教會的兄姐說：所以弟兄們，我以神的慈悲勸你們，將身體獻上，當作活祭，是聖潔的，是神所喜悅的；你們如此事奉乃是理所當然的。
羅馬書 12:2 不要效法這個世界，只要心意更新而變化，叫你們察驗何為神的善良、純全、可喜悅的旨意。我們不要只在外貌儀式上面侍奉上帝，更重要的是，我們願意接受聖靈的啟示與教導，讓我們的心意能夠更新變化 (transformation of mind)，好讓我們能夠察驗何為神善良純全可喜悅的旨意，然後依靠上帝的恩典，全心遵行神的旨意，我們的生活才能夠成為馨香的活祭，討神的歡喜。
題目: 在13-19節與20-28節記載關於獻祭的條例有何不同？為什麼？你有何看法與學習？
12:1 「你們存活於世的日子，在耶和華─你們列祖的 神所賜你們為業的地上，要謹守遵行的律例典章乃是這些：
"These are the statutes and ordinances which you shall be careful to do in the land which the LORD, the God of your fathers, has given you to possess, all the days that you live upon the earth.
12:2 你們要將所趕出的國民事奉 神的各地方，無論是在高山，在小山，在各青翠樹下，都毀壞了；
You shall surely destroy all the places where the nations whom you shall dispossess served their gods, upon the high mountains and upon the hills and under every green tree;
12:3 也要拆毀他們的祭壇，打碎他們的柱像，用火焚燒他們的木偶，砍下他們雕刻的神像，並將其名從那地方除滅。
you shall tear down their altars, and dash in pieces their pillars, and burn their Ashe'rim with fire; you shall hew down the graven images of their gods, and destroy their name out of that place.
12:4 你們不可照他們那樣事奉耶和華─你們的 神。
You shall not do so to the LORD your God.
12:5 但耶和華─你們的 神從你們各支派中選擇何處為立他名的居所，你們就當往那裡去求問，
But you shall seek the place which the LORD your God will choose out of all your tribes to put his name and make his habitation there; thither you shall go,
12:6 將你們的燔祭、平安祭、十分取一之物，和手中的舉祭，並還願祭、甘心祭，以及牛群羊群中頭生的，都奉到那裡。
and thither you shall bring your burnt offerings and your sacrifices, your tithes and the offering that you present, your votive offerings, your freewill offerings, and the firstlings of your herd and of your flock;
12:7 在那裡，耶和華─你們 神的面前，你們和你們的家屬都可以吃，並且因你手所辦的一切事蒙耶和華─你的 神賜福，就都歡樂。
and there you shall eat before the LORD your God, and you shall rejoice, you and your households, in all that you undertake, in which the LORD your God has blessed you.
12:8 我們今日在這裡所行的是各人行自己眼中看為正的事，你們將來不可這樣行；
You shall not do according to all that we are doing here this day, every man doing whatever is right in his own eyes;
12:9 因為你們還沒有到耶和華─你 神所賜你的安息地，所給你的產業。
for you have not as yet come to the rest and to the inheritance which the LORD your God gives you.
12:10 但你們過了約旦河，得以住在耶和華─你們 神使你們承受為業之地，又使你們太平，不被四圍的一切仇敵擾亂，安然居住。
But when you go over the Jordan, and live in the land which the LORD your God gives you to inherit, and when he gives you rest from all your enemies round about, so that you live in safety,
12:11 那時要將我所吩咐你們的燔祭、平安祭、十分取一之物，和手中的舉祭，並向耶和華許願獻的一切美祭，都奉到耶和華─你們 神所選擇要立為他名的居所。
then to the place which the LORD your God will choose, to make his name dwell there, thither you shall bring all that I command you: your burnt offerings and your sacrifices, your tithes and the offering that you present, and all your votive offerings which you vow to the LORD.
12:12 你們和兒女、僕婢，並住在你們城裡無分無業的利未人，都要在耶和華─你們的 神面前歡樂。
And you shall rejoice before the LORD your God, you and your sons and your daughters, your menservants and your maidservants, and the Levite that is within your towns, since he has no portion or inheritance with you.
12:13 你要謹慎，不可在你所看中的各處獻燔祭。
Take heed that you do not offer your burnt offerings at every place that you see;
12:14 惟獨耶和華從你那一支派中所選擇的地方，你就要在那裡獻燔祭，行我一切所吩咐你的。
but at the place which the LORD will choose in one of your tribes, there you shall offer your burnt offerings, and there you shall do all that I am commanding you.
12:15 「然而，在你各城裡都可以照耶和華─你 神所賜你的福分，隨心所欲宰牲吃肉；無論潔淨人不潔淨人都可以吃，就如吃羚羊與鹿一般。
"However, you may slaughter and eat flesh within any of your towns, as much as you desire, according to the blessing of the LORD your God which he has given you; the unclean and the clean may eat of it, as of the gazelle and as of the hart.
12:16 只是不可吃血，要倒在地上，如同倒水一樣。
Only you shall not eat the blood; you shall pour it out upon the earth like water.
12:17 你的五穀、新酒，和油的十分之一，或是牛群羊群中頭生的，或是你許願獻的，甘心獻的，或是手中的舉祭，都不可在你城裡吃。
You may not eat within your towns the tithe of your grain or of your wine or of your oil, or the firstlings of your herd or of your flock, or any of your votive offerings which you vow, or your freewill offerings, or the offering that you present;
12:18 但要在耶和華─你的 神面前吃，在耶和華─你 神所要選擇的地方，你和兒女、僕婢，並住在你城裡的利未人，都可以吃；也要因你手所辦的，在耶和華─你 神面前歡樂。
but you shall eat them before the LORD your God in the place which the LORD your God will choose, you and your son and your daughter, your manservant and your maidservant, and the Levite who is within your towns; and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God in all that you undertake.
12:19 你要謹慎，在你所住的地方永不可丟棄利未人。
Take heed that you do not forsake the Levite as long as you live in your land.
12:20 「耶和華─你的 神照他所應許擴張你境界的時候，你心裡想要吃肉，說：『我要吃肉』，就可以隨心所欲地吃肉。
"When the LORD your God enlarges your territory, as he has promised you, and you say, `I will eat flesh,' because you crave flesh, you may eat as much flesh as you desire.
12:21 耶和華─你 神所選擇要立他名的地方若離你太遠，就可以照我所吩咐的，將耶和華賜給你的牛羊取些宰了，可以隨心所欲在你城裡吃。
If the place which the LORD your God will choose to put his name there is too far from you, then you may kill any of your herd or your flock, which the LORD has given you, as I have commanded you; and you may eat within your towns as much as you desire.
12:22 你吃那肉，要像吃羚羊與鹿一般；無論潔淨人不潔淨人都可以吃。
Just as the gazelle or the hart is eaten, so you may eat of it; the unclean and the clean alike may eat of it.
12:23 只是你要心意堅定，不可吃血，因為血是生命；不可將血（原文作生命）與肉同吃。
Only be sure that you do not eat the blood; for the blood is the life, and you shall not eat the life with the flesh.
12:24 不可吃血，要倒在地上，如同倒水一樣。
You shall not eat it; you shall pour it out upon the earth like water.
12:25 不可吃血。這樣，你行耶和華眼中看為正的事，你和你的子孫就可以得福。
You shall not eat it; that all may go well with you and with your children after you, when you do what is right in the sight of the LORD.
12:26 只是你分別為聖的物和你的還願祭要奉到耶和華所選擇的地方去。
But the holy things which are due from you, and your votive offerings, you shall take, and you shall go to the place which the LORD will choose,
12:27 你的燔祭，連肉帶血，都要獻在耶和華─你 神的壇上。平安祭的血要倒在耶和華─你 神的壇上；平安祭的肉，你自己可以吃。
and offer your burnt offerings, the flesh and the blood, on the altar of the LORD your God; the blood of your sacrifices shall be poured out on the altar of the LORD your God, but the flesh you may eat.
12:28 你要謹守聽從我所吩咐的一切話，行耶和華─你 神眼中看為善，看為正的事。這樣，你和你的子孫就可以永遠享福。
Be careful to heed all these words which I command you, that it may go well with you and with your children after you for ever, when you do what is good and right in the sight of the LORD your God.
12:29 「耶和華─你 神將你要去趕出的國民從你面前剪除，你得了他們的地居住，
"When the LORD your God cuts off before you the nations whom you go in to dispossess, and you dispossess them and dwell in their land,
12:30 那時就要謹慎，不可在他們除滅之後隨從他們的惡俗，陷入網羅，也不可訪問他們的神說：『這些國民怎樣事奉他們的神，我也要照樣行。』
take heed that you be not ensnared to follow them, after they have been destroyed before you, and that you do not inquire about their gods, saying, `How did these nations serve their gods? -- that I also may do likewise.'
12:31 你不可向耶和華─你的 神這樣行，因為他們向他們的神行了耶和華所憎嫌所恨惡的一切事，甚至將自己的兒女用火焚燒，獻與他們的神。
You shall not do so to the LORD your God; for every abominable thing which the LORD hates they have done for their gods; for they even burn their sons and their daughters in the fire to their gods.
12:32 凡我所吩咐的，你們都要謹守遵行，不可加添，也不可刪減。
"Everything that I command you you shall be careful to do; you shall not add to it or take from it.
"These are the statutes and ordinances which you shall be careful to do in the land which the LORD, the God of your fathers, has given you to possess, all the days that you live upon the earth.
12:2 你們要將所趕出的國民事奉 神的各地方，無論是在高山，在小山，在各青翠樹下，都毀壞了；
You shall surely destroy all the places where the nations whom you shall dispossess served their gods, upon the high mountains and upon the hills and under every green tree;
12:3 也要拆毀他們的祭壇，打碎他們的柱像，用火焚燒他們的木偶，砍下他們雕刻的神像，並將其名從那地方除滅。
you shall tear down their altars, and dash in pieces their pillars, and burn their Ashe'rim with fire; you shall hew down the graven images of their gods, and destroy their name out of that place.
12:4 你們不可照他們那樣事奉耶和華─你們的 神。
You shall not do so to the LORD your God.
12:5 但耶和華─你們的 神從你們各支派中選擇何處為立他名的居所，你們就當往那裡去求問，
But you shall seek the place which the LORD your God will choose out of all your tribes to put his name and make his habitation there; thither you shall go,
12:6 將你們的燔祭、平安祭、十分取一之物，和手中的舉祭，並還願祭、甘心祭，以及牛群羊群中頭生的，都奉到那裡。
and thither you shall bring your burnt offerings and your sacrifices, your tithes and the offering that you present, your votive offerings, your freewill offerings, and the firstlings of your herd and of your flock;
12:7 在那裡，耶和華─你們 神的面前，你們和你們的家屬都可以吃，並且因你手所辦的一切事蒙耶和華─你的 神賜福，就都歡樂。
and there you shall eat before the LORD your God, and you shall rejoice, you and your households, in all that you undertake, in which the LORD your God has blessed you.
12:8 我們今日在這裡所行的是各人行自己眼中看為正的事，你們將來不可這樣行；
You shall not do according to all that we are doing here this day, every man doing whatever is right in his own eyes;
12:9 因為你們還沒有到耶和華─你 神所賜你的安息地，所給你的產業。
for you have not as yet come to the rest and to the inheritance which the LORD your God gives you.
12:10 但你們過了約旦河，得以住在耶和華─你們 神使你們承受為業之地，又使你們太平，不被四圍的一切仇敵擾亂，安然居住。
But when you go over the Jordan, and live in the land which the LORD your God gives you to inherit, and when he gives you rest from all your enemies round about, so that you live in safety,
12:11 那時要將我所吩咐你們的燔祭、平安祭、十分取一之物，和手中的舉祭，並向耶和華許願獻的一切美祭，都奉到耶和華─你們 神所選擇要立為他名的居所。
then to the place which the LORD your God will choose, to make his name dwell there, thither you shall bring all that I command you: your burnt offerings and your sacrifices, your tithes and the offering that you present, and all your votive offerings which you vow to the LORD.
12:12 你們和兒女、僕婢，並住在你們城裡無分無業的利未人，都要在耶和華─你們的 神面前歡樂。
And you shall rejoice before the LORD your God, you and your sons and your daughters, your menservants and your maidservants, and the Levite that is within your towns, since he has no portion or inheritance with you.
12:13 你要謹慎，不可在你所看中的各處獻燔祭。
Take heed that you do not offer your burnt offerings at every place that you see;
12:14 惟獨耶和華從你那一支派中所選擇的地方，你就要在那裡獻燔祭，行我一切所吩咐你的。
but at the place which the LORD will choose in one of your tribes, there you shall offer your burnt offerings, and there you shall do all that I am commanding you.
12:15 「然而，在你各城裡都可以照耶和華─你 神所賜你的福分，隨心所欲宰牲吃肉；無論潔淨人不潔淨人都可以吃，就如吃羚羊與鹿一般。
"However, you may slaughter and eat flesh within any of your towns, as much as you desire, according to the blessing of the LORD your God which he has given you; the unclean and the clean may eat of it, as of the gazelle and as of the hart.
12:16 只是不可吃血，要倒在地上，如同倒水一樣。
Only you shall not eat the blood; you shall pour it out upon the earth like water.
12:17 你的五穀、新酒，和油的十分之一，或是牛群羊群中頭生的，或是你許願獻的，甘心獻的，或是手中的舉祭，都不可在你城裡吃。
You may not eat within your towns the tithe of your grain or of your wine or of your oil, or the firstlings of your herd or of your flock, or any of your votive offerings which you vow, or your freewill offerings, or the offering that you present;
12:18 但要在耶和華─你的 神面前吃，在耶和華─你 神所要選擇的地方，你和兒女、僕婢，並住在你城裡的利未人，都可以吃；也要因你手所辦的，在耶和華─你 神面前歡樂。
but you shall eat them before the LORD your God in the place which the LORD your God will choose, you and your son and your daughter, your manservant and your maidservant, and the Levite who is within your towns; and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God in all that you undertake.
12:19 你要謹慎，在你所住的地方永不可丟棄利未人。
Take heed that you do not forsake the Levite as long as you live in your land.
12:20 「耶和華─你的 神照他所應許擴張你境界的時候，你心裡想要吃肉，說：『我要吃肉』，就可以隨心所欲地吃肉。
"When the LORD your God enlarges your territory, as he has promised you, and you say, `I will eat flesh,' because you crave flesh, you may eat as much flesh as you desire.
12:21 耶和華─你 神所選擇要立他名的地方若離你太遠，就可以照我所吩咐的，將耶和華賜給你的牛羊取些宰了，可以隨心所欲在你城裡吃。
If the place which the LORD your God will choose to put his name there is too far from you, then you may kill any of your herd or your flock, which the LORD has given you, as I have commanded you; and you may eat within your towns as much as you desire.
12:22 你吃那肉，要像吃羚羊與鹿一般；無論潔淨人不潔淨人都可以吃。
Just as the gazelle or the hart is eaten, so you may eat of it; the unclean and the clean alike may eat of it.
12:23 只是你要心意堅定，不可吃血，因為血是生命；不可將血（原文作生命）與肉同吃。
Only be sure that you do not eat the blood; for the blood is the life, and you shall not eat the life with the flesh.
12:24 不可吃血，要倒在地上，如同倒水一樣。
You shall not eat it; you shall pour it out upon the earth like water.
12:25 不可吃血。這樣，你行耶和華眼中看為正的事，你和你的子孫就可以得福。
You shall not eat it; that all may go well with you and with your children after you, when you do what is right in the sight of the LORD.
12:26 只是你分別為聖的物和你的還願祭要奉到耶和華所選擇的地方去。
But the holy things which are due from you, and your votive offerings, you shall take, and you shall go to the place which the LORD will choose,
12:27 你的燔祭，連肉帶血，都要獻在耶和華─你 神的壇上。平安祭的血要倒在耶和華─你 神的壇上；平安祭的肉，你自己可以吃。
and offer your burnt offerings, the flesh and the blood, on the altar of the LORD your God; the blood of your sacrifices shall be poured out on the altar of the LORD your God, but the flesh you may eat.
12:28 你要謹守聽從我所吩咐的一切話，行耶和華─你 神眼中看為善，看為正的事。這樣，你和你的子孫就可以永遠享福。
Be careful to heed all these words which I command you, that it may go well with you and with your children after you for ever, when you do what is good and right in the sight of the LORD your God.
12:29 「耶和華─你 神將你要去趕出的國民從你面前剪除，你得了他們的地居住，
"When the LORD your God cuts off before you the nations whom you go in to dispossess, and you dispossess them and dwell in their land,
12:30 那時就要謹慎，不可在他們除滅之後隨從他們的惡俗，陷入網羅，也不可訪問他們的神說：『這些國民怎樣事奉他們的神，我也要照樣行。』
take heed that you be not ensnared to follow them, after they have been destroyed before you, and that you do not inquire about their gods, saying, `How did these nations serve their gods? -- that I also may do likewise.'
12:31 你不可向耶和華─你的 神這樣行，因為他們向他們的神行了耶和華所憎嫌所恨惡的一切事，甚至將自己的兒女用火焚燒，獻與他們的神。
You shall not do so to the LORD your God; for every abominable thing which the LORD hates they have done for their gods; for they even burn their sons and their daughters in the fire to their gods.
12:32 凡我所吩咐的，你們都要謹守遵行，不可加添，也不可刪減。
"Everything that I command you you shall be careful to do; you shall not add to it or take from it.
今日心得上傳及閱讀請到
1. 蔡茂堂牧師blog: http://hopingtsaidevotion.blogspot.com/
2. 李晶晶牧師blog: http://taipeihoping-chin.blogspot.com/
蔡茂堂牧師創世記查經班歷年錄音檔案:
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申命記12: 13-19節與20-28節記載關於獻祭的條例的不同之處：
回覆刪除1) 就前面的申命記12: 13-19節所提到關於獻祭的條例的限制和權限，申命記12: 20-28節加以擴展延伸。同樣獻祭的條例，重複了兩次，主要是強調「吃的地方」的重要性， 必須加以區分。究竟哪些獻完祭的祭牲只能在神選擇的地方（立祂名的居所）吃；哪些獻完祭的祭牲，可以在其他任何的地方吃？
擴建預計在以色列人，當大多數以色列人進入應許之地後， 預知他們控制的土地面積將擴建，延伸。因此，相對的以色列人的家庭和他們住的地方，會離上帝選擇立祂名的居所（地方）越來越遠，這是可預期的。這種情況會繼續地重複的，住家離上帝選擇的地方（立祂名的居所），會越來越遠。所以肉被宰殺和食用，只好在本地舉行，無法送到遠距離的上帝選擇的地方（立祂名的居所）。申命記12: 21節清楚地表明，羊肉和牛肉必須作為獻祭的供物。申命記12: 15節，曾提到的「羚羊」與「雄鹿」。「雄鹿」不能做為獻祭的供物，但「羚羊」卻可以做為獻祭的供物；因此，獻祭的條例明確的規定，牛肉和羊肉，用來獻祭的的犧牲，住在開懇的定居地的居民，可以很合法地食用這些世俗的牛肉和羊肉。
2） 還有一點，申命記12: 25和28節，強調「服從」的重要性：「.。。這樣。你行耶和華眼中看為正的事，你和你的子孫就可以得福。你要謹守聽從我所吩咐的一切話，行耶和華你上帝眼中看為善，看為正的事。這樣，你和你的子孫就可以永遠享福」。（參考Craigie, P. C. (1976). The Book of Deuteronomy. The New International Commentary on the Old Testament (218). Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.）
3）永不可丟棄利未人 (申命記12: 19節)
申命記 12:12 & 19 節：「你們和兒女、僕婢，並住在你們城裡無分無業的利未人，都要在耶和華你們的上帝面前歡樂。你要謹慎，在你所住的地方永不可丟棄利未人」。上帝沒有給利未人在迦南地有産業，祂以祂自己作利未人的産業，就是把百姓獻給上帝的那一分給利未人享用。利未人若沒有得著享用，就說出了百姓的心裏忘記了上帝。上帝顧念利未人，因爲他們給分別出來專一的事奉上帝，人會顧念上帝所顧念的，就是人樂意尊上帝爲聖，人活在這種光景裏，結果是帶進滿足的喜樂。