全新四年樂活讀經
W1 2011-11-07 (可15)
經文: 馬可福音 15:15 彼拉多要叫眾人喜悅，就釋放巴拉巴給他們，將耶穌鞭打了，交給人釘十字架。
默想: 彼拉多是一位標準的民主時代政治人物，他所追求的，正是功利主義 (Utilitarianism) 倫理學家遍善 (Jeremy Bentham, 1748-1832) 所主張的追求最大多數人的最大利益的目的倫理 (Teleological Ethics)。這也是當年大祭司該亞法的主張 “你們不知道什麼。獨不想一個人替百姓死免得通國滅亡，就是你們的益處。”(約11:50) 可是這是一種扭曲的目的倫理，彼拉多所追求的，並不是最大多數人的最大利益，而是自己政治前途的最大利益。政治人物是不在乎康德 (Emmanuel Kant, 1724-1804) 所強調的原則倫理 (Deontological Ethic) 。他們也不在意亞里士多德 (Aristotle, 384-322BC) 所教導的美德倫理 (Virtue Ethics)。或許他們除了追隨遍善的功利主義以外，也會考慮弗列徹 (Joseph Fletcher, 1905-1991) 所相信的情境倫理 (Situational Ethics)，但是這是一種被自私自利所扭曲的情境倫理，就是考量在當時的處境之下，何種處置是對自己會帶來最大的利益，而不是弗列徹所主張的在當時處境之下追求愛加倍 (Agape) 為動機與目標。求主幫助我，能夠逃避彼拉多的陷阱，因為這是這個世界要將我壓進去的模式，祈求聖靈常常來更新轉化我的心思意念，好讓我這一生，能夠專一尋求查驗何為神善良純全可喜悅的旨意，好讓我的一生，能夠全然擺上，成為活祭，是聖潔的，是合神心意的 (羅12:1)。
題目: 21-41節，在耶穌十字架旁有哪些人？這些人對於耶穌受難有何反應？你有何看法與感受？
15:1 一到早晨，祭司長和長老、文士、全公會的人大家商議，就把耶穌捆綁，解去交給彼拉多。
And as soon as it was morning the chief priests, with the elders and scribes, and the whole council held a consultation; and they bound Jesus and led him away and delivered him to Pilate.
15:2 彼拉多問他說：你是猶太人的王嗎？耶穌回答說：你說的是。
And Pilate asked him, "Are you the King of the Jews?" And he answered him, "You have said so."
15:3 祭司長告他許多的事。
And the chief priests accused him of many things.
15:4 彼拉多又問他說：你看，他們告你這麼多的事，你甚麼都不回答麼？
And Pilate again asked him, "Have you no answer to make? See how many charges they bring against you."
15:5 耶穌仍不回答，以致彼拉多覺得希奇。
But Jesus made no further answer, so that Pilate wondered.
15:6 每逢這節期，巡撫照眾人所求的，釋放一個囚犯給他們。
Now at the feast he used to release for them one prisoner for whom they asked.
15:7 有一個人名叫巴拉巴，和作亂的人一同捆綁。他們作亂的時候，曾殺過人。
And among the rebels in prison, who had committed murder in the insurrection, there was a man called Barab'bas.
15:8 眾人上去求巡撫，照常例給他們辦。
And the crowd came up and began to ask Pilate to do as he was wont to do for them.
15:9 彼拉多說：你們要我釋放猶太人的王給你們嗎？
And he answered them, "Do you want me to release for you the King of the Jews?"
15:10 他原曉得，祭司長是因為嫉妒才把耶穌解了來。
For he perceived that it was out of envy that the chief priests had delivered him up.
15:11 只是祭司長挑唆眾人，寧可釋放巴拉巴給他們。
But the chief priests stirred up the crowd to have him release for them Barab'bas instead.
15:12 彼拉多又說：那麼樣，你們所稱為猶太人的王，我怎麼辦他呢？
And Pilate again said to them, "Then what shall I do with the man whom you call the King of the Jews?"
15:13 他們又喊著說：把他釘十字架！
And they cried out again, "Crucify him."
15:14 彼拉多說：為甚麼呢？他作了甚麼惡事呢？他們便極力的喊著說：把他釘十字架！
And Pilate said to them, "Why, what evil has he done?" But they shouted all the more, "Crucify him."
15:15 彼拉多要叫眾人喜悅，就釋放巴拉巴給他們，將耶穌鞭打了，交給人釘十字架。
So Pilate, wishing to satisfy the crowd, released for them Barab'bas; and having scourged Jesus, he delivered him to be crucified.
15:16 兵丁把耶穌帶進衙門院裡，叫齊了全營的兵。
And the soldiers led him away inside the palace (that is, the praetorium); and they called together the whole battalion.
15:17 他們給他穿上紫袍，又用荊棘編作冠冕給他戴上，
And they clothed him in a purple cloak, and plaiting a crown of thorns they put it on him.
15:18 就慶賀他說：恭喜，猶太人的王啊！
And they began to salute him, "Hail, King of the Jews!"
15:19 又拿一根葦子打他的頭，吐唾沫在他臉上，屈膝拜他。
And they struck his head with a reed, and spat upon him, and they knelt down in homage to him.
15:20 戲弄完了，就給他脫了紫袍，仍穿上他自己的衣服，帶他出去，要釘十字架。
And when they had mocked him, they stripped him of the purple cloak, and put his own clothes on him. And they led him out to crucify him.
15:21 有一個古利奈人西門，就是亞力山大和魯孚的父親，從鄉下來，經過那地方，他們就勉強他同去，好背著耶穌的十字架。
And they compelled a passer-by, Simon of Cyre'ne, who was coming in from the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to carry his cross.
15:22 他們帶耶穌到了各各他地方（各各他繙出來就是髑髏地），
And they brought him to the place called Gol'gotha (which means the place of a skull).
15:23 拿沒藥調和的酒給耶穌，他卻不受。
And they offered him wine mingled with myrrh; but he did not take it.
15:24 於是將他釘在十字架上，拈鬮分他的衣服，看是誰得甚麼。
And they crucified him, and divided his garments among them, casting lots for them, to decide what each should take.
15:25 釘他在十字架上是巳初的時候。
And it was the third hour, when they crucified him.
15:26 在上面有他的罪狀，寫的是：猶太人的王。
And the inscription of the charge against him read, "The King of the Jews."
15:27 他們又把兩個強盜和他同釘十字架，一個在右邊，一個在左邊。（有古卷在此有：
And with him they crucified two robbers, one on his right and one on his left.
15:28 這就應了經上的話說：他被列在罪犯之中。）
15:29 從那裡經過的人辱罵他，搖著頭說：咳！你這拆毀聖殿、三日又建造起來的，
And those who passed by derided him, wagging their heads, and saying, "Aha! You who would destroy the temple and build it in three days,
15:30 可以救自己，從十字架上下來吧！
save yourself, and come down from the cross!"
15:31 祭司長和文士也是這樣戲弄他，彼此說：他救了別人，不能救自己。
So also the chief priests mocked him to one another with the scribes, saying, "He saved others; he cannot save himself.
15:32 以色列的王基督，現在可以從十字架上下來，叫我們看見，就信了。那和他同釘的人也是譏誚他。
Let the Christ, the King of Israel, come down now from the cross, that we may see and believe." Those who were crucified with him also reviled him.
15:33 從午正到申初，遍地都黑暗了。
And when the sixth hour had come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.
15:34 申初的時候，耶穌大聲喊著說：以羅伊！以羅伊！拉馬撒巴各大尼？繙出來就是：我的 神！我的 神！為甚麼離棄我？
And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, "E'lo-i, E'lo-i, la'ma sabach-tha'ni?" which means, "My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?"
15:35 旁邊站著的人，有的聽見就說：看哪，他叫以利亞呢！
And some of the bystanders hearing it said, "Behold, he is calling Eli'jah."
15:36 有一個人跑去，把海絨蘸滿了醋，綁在葦子上，送給他喝，說：且等著，看以利亞來不來把他取下。
And one ran and, filling a sponge full of vinegar, put it on a reed and gave it to him to drink, saying, "Wait, let us see whether Eli'jah will come to take him down."
15:37 耶穌大聲喊叫，氣就斷了。
And Jesus uttered a loud cry, and breathed his last.
15:38 殿裡的幔子從上到下裂為兩半。
And the curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to bottom.
15:39 對面站著的百夫長看見耶穌這樣喊叫（有古卷沒有喊叫二字）斷氣，就說：這人真是 神的兒子！
And when the centurion, who stood facing him, saw that he thus breathed his last, he said, "Truly this man was the Son of God!"
15:40 還有些婦女遠遠的觀看；內中有抹大拉的馬利亞，又有小雅各和約西的母親馬利亞，並有撒羅米，
There were also women looking on from afar, among whom were Mary Mag'dalene, and Mary the mother of James the younger and of Joses, and Salo'me,
15:41 就是耶穌在加利利的時候，跟隨他、服事他的那些人，還有同耶穌上耶路撒冷的好些婦女在那裡觀看。
who, when he was in Galilee, followed him, and ministered to him; and also many other women who came up with him to Jerusalem.
15:42 到了晚上，因為這是預備日，就是安息日的前一日，
And when evening had come, since it was the day of Preparation, that is, the day before the sabbath,
15:43 有亞利馬太的約瑟前來，他是尊貴的議士，也是等候 神國的。他放膽進去見彼拉多，求耶穌的身體；
Joseph of Arimathe'a, a respected member of the council, who was also himself looking for the kingdom of God, took courage and went to Pilate, and asked for the body of Jesus.
15:44 彼拉多詫異耶穌已經死了，便叫百夫長來，問他耶穌死了久不久。
And Pilate wondered if he were already dead; and summoning the centurion, he asked him whether he was already dead.
15:45 既從百夫長得知實情，就把耶穌的屍首賜給約瑟。
And when he learned from the centurion that he was dead, he granted the body to Joseph.
15:46 約瑟買了細麻布，把耶穌取下來，用細麻布裹好，安放在磐石中鑿出來的墳墓裡，又滾過一塊石頭來擋住墓門。
And he bought a linen shroud, and taking him down, wrapped him in the linen shroud, and laid him in a tomb which had been hewn out of the rock; and he rolled a stone against the door of the tomb.
15:47 抹大拉的馬利亞和約西的母親馬利亞都看見安放他的地方。
Mary Mag'dalene and Mary the mother of Joses saw where he was laid.
And as soon as it was morning the chief priests, with the elders and scribes, and the whole council held a consultation; and they bound Jesus and led him away and delivered him to Pilate.
15:2 彼拉多問他說：你是猶太人的王嗎？耶穌回答說：你說的是。
And Pilate asked him, "Are you the King of the Jews?" And he answered him, "You have said so."
15:3 祭司長告他許多的事。
And the chief priests accused him of many things.
15:4 彼拉多又問他說：你看，他們告你這麼多的事，你甚麼都不回答麼？
And Pilate again asked him, "Have you no answer to make? See how many charges they bring against you."
15:5 耶穌仍不回答，以致彼拉多覺得希奇。
But Jesus made no further answer, so that Pilate wondered.
15:6 每逢這節期，巡撫照眾人所求的，釋放一個囚犯給他們。
Now at the feast he used to release for them one prisoner for whom they asked.
15:7 有一個人名叫巴拉巴，和作亂的人一同捆綁。他們作亂的時候，曾殺過人。
And among the rebels in prison, who had committed murder in the insurrection, there was a man called Barab'bas.
15:8 眾人上去求巡撫，照常例給他們辦。
And the crowd came up and began to ask Pilate to do as he was wont to do for them.
15:9 彼拉多說：你們要我釋放猶太人的王給你們嗎？
And he answered them, "Do you want me to release for you the King of the Jews?"
15:10 他原曉得，祭司長是因為嫉妒才把耶穌解了來。
For he perceived that it was out of envy that the chief priests had delivered him up.
15:11 只是祭司長挑唆眾人，寧可釋放巴拉巴給他們。
But the chief priests stirred up the crowd to have him release for them Barab'bas instead.
15:12 彼拉多又說：那麼樣，你們所稱為猶太人的王，我怎麼辦他呢？
And Pilate again said to them, "Then what shall I do with the man whom you call the King of the Jews?"
15:13 他們又喊著說：把他釘十字架！
And they cried out again, "Crucify him."
15:14 彼拉多說：為甚麼呢？他作了甚麼惡事呢？他們便極力的喊著說：把他釘十字架！
And Pilate said to them, "Why, what evil has he done?" But they shouted all the more, "Crucify him."
15:15 彼拉多要叫眾人喜悅，就釋放巴拉巴給他們，將耶穌鞭打了，交給人釘十字架。
So Pilate, wishing to satisfy the crowd, released for them Barab'bas; and having scourged Jesus, he delivered him to be crucified.
15:16 兵丁把耶穌帶進衙門院裡，叫齊了全營的兵。
And the soldiers led him away inside the palace (that is, the praetorium); and they called together the whole battalion.
15:17 他們給他穿上紫袍，又用荊棘編作冠冕給他戴上，
And they clothed him in a purple cloak, and plaiting a crown of thorns they put it on him.
15:18 就慶賀他說：恭喜，猶太人的王啊！
And they began to salute him, "Hail, King of the Jews!"
15:19 又拿一根葦子打他的頭，吐唾沫在他臉上，屈膝拜他。
And they struck his head with a reed, and spat upon him, and they knelt down in homage to him.
15:20 戲弄完了，就給他脫了紫袍，仍穿上他自己的衣服，帶他出去，要釘十字架。
And when they had mocked him, they stripped him of the purple cloak, and put his own clothes on him. And they led him out to crucify him.
15:21 有一個古利奈人西門，就是亞力山大和魯孚的父親，從鄉下來，經過那地方，他們就勉強他同去，好背著耶穌的十字架。
And they compelled a passer-by, Simon of Cyre'ne, who was coming in from the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to carry his cross.
15:22 他們帶耶穌到了各各他地方（各各他繙出來就是髑髏地），
And they brought him to the place called Gol'gotha (which means the place of a skull).
15:23 拿沒藥調和的酒給耶穌，他卻不受。
And they offered him wine mingled with myrrh; but he did not take it.
15:24 於是將他釘在十字架上，拈鬮分他的衣服，看是誰得甚麼。
And they crucified him, and divided his garments among them, casting lots for them, to decide what each should take.
15:25 釘他在十字架上是巳初的時候。
And it was the third hour, when they crucified him.
15:26 在上面有他的罪狀，寫的是：猶太人的王。
And the inscription of the charge against him read, "The King of the Jews."
15:27 他們又把兩個強盜和他同釘十字架，一個在右邊，一個在左邊。（有古卷在此有：
And with him they crucified two robbers, one on his right and one on his left.
15:28 這就應了經上的話說：他被列在罪犯之中。）
15:29 從那裡經過的人辱罵他，搖著頭說：咳！你這拆毀聖殿、三日又建造起來的，
And those who passed by derided him, wagging their heads, and saying, "Aha! You who would destroy the temple and build it in three days,
15:30 可以救自己，從十字架上下來吧！
save yourself, and come down from the cross!"
15:31 祭司長和文士也是這樣戲弄他，彼此說：他救了別人，不能救自己。
So also the chief priests mocked him to one another with the scribes, saying, "He saved others; he cannot save himself.
15:32 以色列的王基督，現在可以從十字架上下來，叫我們看見，就信了。那和他同釘的人也是譏誚他。
Let the Christ, the King of Israel, come down now from the cross, that we may see and believe." Those who were crucified with him also reviled him.
15:33 從午正到申初，遍地都黑暗了。
And when the sixth hour had come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.
15:34 申初的時候，耶穌大聲喊著說：以羅伊！以羅伊！拉馬撒巴各大尼？繙出來就是：我的 神！我的 神！為甚麼離棄我？
And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, "E'lo-i, E'lo-i, la'ma sabach-tha'ni?" which means, "My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?"
15:35 旁邊站著的人，有的聽見就說：看哪，他叫以利亞呢！
And some of the bystanders hearing it said, "Behold, he is calling Eli'jah."
15:36 有一個人跑去，把海絨蘸滿了醋，綁在葦子上，送給他喝，說：且等著，看以利亞來不來把他取下。
And one ran and, filling a sponge full of vinegar, put it on a reed and gave it to him to drink, saying, "Wait, let us see whether Eli'jah will come to take him down."
15:37 耶穌大聲喊叫，氣就斷了。
And Jesus uttered a loud cry, and breathed his last.
15:38 殿裡的幔子從上到下裂為兩半。
And the curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to bottom.
15:39 對面站著的百夫長看見耶穌這樣喊叫（有古卷沒有喊叫二字）斷氣，就說：這人真是 神的兒子！
And when the centurion, who stood facing him, saw that he thus breathed his last, he said, "Truly this man was the Son of God!"
15:40 還有些婦女遠遠的觀看；內中有抹大拉的馬利亞，又有小雅各和約西的母親馬利亞，並有撒羅米，
There were also women looking on from afar, among whom were Mary Mag'dalene, and Mary the mother of James the younger and of Joses, and Salo'me,
15:41 就是耶穌在加利利的時候，跟隨他、服事他的那些人，還有同耶穌上耶路撒冷的好些婦女在那裡觀看。
who, when he was in Galilee, followed him, and ministered to him; and also many other women who came up with him to Jerusalem.
15:42 到了晚上，因為這是預備日，就是安息日的前一日，
And when evening had come, since it was the day of Preparation, that is, the day before the sabbath,
15:43 有亞利馬太的約瑟前來，他是尊貴的議士，也是等候 神國的。他放膽進去見彼拉多，求耶穌的身體；
Joseph of Arimathe'a, a respected member of the council, who was also himself looking for the kingdom of God, took courage and went to Pilate, and asked for the body of Jesus.
15:44 彼拉多詫異耶穌已經死了，便叫百夫長來，問他耶穌死了久不久。
And Pilate wondered if he were already dead; and summoning the centurion, he asked him whether he was already dead.
15:45 既從百夫長得知實情，就把耶穌的屍首賜給約瑟。
And when he learned from the centurion that he was dead, he granted the body to Joseph.
15:46 約瑟買了細麻布，把耶穌取下來，用細麻布裹好，安放在磐石中鑿出來的墳墓裡，又滾過一塊石頭來擋住墓門。
And he bought a linen shroud, and taking him down, wrapped him in the linen shroud, and laid him in a tomb which had been hewn out of the rock; and he rolled a stone against the door of the tomb.
15:47 抹大拉的馬利亞和約西的母親馬利亞都看見安放他的地方。
Mary Mag'dalene and Mary the mother of Joses saw where he was laid.
今日心得上傳及閱讀請到
1. 蔡茂堂牧師blog: http://hopingtsaidevotion.blogspot.com/
2. 李晶晶牧師blog: http://taipeihoping-chin.blogspot.com/
蔡茂堂牧師創世記查經班歷年錄音檔案:
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女們，內中有抹大拉的馬利亞，約西的母親馬利亞，並有撒羅米。
回覆刪除這些人對於耶穌受難的反應和對我個人的提醒：
1) 古利奈人西門： 在一般的情況之下，將要被釘的死囚，是要自己背負十字架到行刑的地方去的。他們要勉強西門來背耶穌的十字架，也許表示耶穌本人到了這個時候，已經沒有力量再背負十字架了。古利奈人西門，為主背起祂的十字架，跟著耶穌，給我們看見我們跟從主， 須要付代價的。
2) 兵丁拈鬮分基督的衣服：兵丁為被釘十字架者的衣服拈鬮。他們分救主的衣服時，是奪去他在物質上所擁有的一切。
3) 兩個強盜：有兩個強盜與耶穌同被釘十字架，放在旁邊。那兩個同釘的人譏笑耶穌的事。我們知道在祂的臨終的一刻，也是和罪人為伍。
4) 祭司長和文士嘲笑他宣稱要拯救別人：「他救了別人，不能救自己。」這話是惡毒的言行，卻又不在意地說出事實。可見走十字架的道路，是要犧牲的，要捨己的。
5) 在現場的雅各和婦女們：除了耶穌「所愛的門徒」雅各，這些婦女們在現場 和那十一位門徒在這個時候的「隱藏」，正好成了一個很強烈的對照。她們愛惜和關心耶穌不忍在這個時刻與耶穌分離。婦女的奉獻，愛基督超過自己的幸福。她們在十字架旁留到最後，卻最早到達墳墓前。婦女在福音故事中地位顯著。試想，那十一位門徒為個人的安全而躲藏了。這是給我們做弟兄的一個很好的提醒，要多愛主不要落於姐妹之後。
在耶穌十字架旁有古利奈人西門，兵丁，兩個同釘十字架的人， 祭司長，和在現場的雅各和婦女們，內中有抹大拉的馬利亞，約西的母親馬利亞，並有撒羅米。
回覆刪除這些人對於耶穌受難的反應和對我個人的提醒：
1) 古利奈人西門： 在一般的情況之下，將要被釘的死囚，是要自己背負十字架到行刑的地方去的。他們要勉強西門來背耶穌的十字架，也許表示耶穌本人到了這個時候，已經沒有力量再背負十字架了。古利奈人西門，為主背起祂的十字架，跟著耶穌，給我們看見我們跟從主， 須要付代價的。
2) 兵丁拈鬮分基督的衣服：兵丁為被釘十字架者的衣服拈鬮。他們分救主的衣服時，是奪去他在物質上所擁有的一切。
3) 兩個強盜：有兩個強盜與耶穌同被釘十字架，放在旁邊。那兩個同釘的人譏笑耶穌的事。我們知道在祂的臨終的一刻，也是和罪人為伍。
4) 祭司長和文士嘲笑他宣稱要拯救別人：「他救了別人，不能救自己。」這話是惡毒的言行，卻又不在意地說出事實。可見走十字架的道路，是要犧牲的，要捨己的。
5) 在現場的雅各和婦女們：除了耶穌「所愛的門徒」雅各，這些婦女們在現場 和那十一位門徒在這個時候的「隱藏」，正好成了一個很強烈的對照。她們愛惜和關心耶穌不忍在這個時刻與耶穌分離。婦女的奉獻，愛基督超過自己的幸福。她們在十字架旁留到最後，卻最早到達墳墓前。婦女在福音故事中地位顯著。試想，那十一位門徒為個人的安全而躲藏了。這是給我們做弟兄的一個很好的提醒，要多愛主不要落於姐妹之後。