全新四年樂活讀經
W5 2011-12-23 (林前11)
經文: 哥林多前書 11:3-5 我願意你們知道，基督是各人的頭；男人是女人的頭；神是基督的頭。凡男人禱告或是講道（或作：說預言；下同），若蒙著頭，就羞辱自己的頭。凡女人禱告或是講道，若不蒙著頭，就羞辱自己的頭，因為這就如同剃了頭髮一樣。
默想: 這一小段有關頭的論述，常常成為教會中男女關係的重要聖經根據。在希蠟文聖經中，基督是各人的頭，這裡的人是陽性，應該也可以翻譯成為：基督是男人的頭，男人是女人的頭，神是基督的頭。在神學上，有關 “頭” 這個字的神學意含有兩種詮釋。第一種詮釋，頭是負責掌控管理的角色與地位，這是階級論(hierarchical theory)。第二種詮釋，頭是依存關係中之來源供應的角色與功能，這是源頭論 (fountainhead theory)。感謝保羅，把上帝與基督的關係放在這一連串關係的結尾。上帝是基督的頭，因此，至少在這個層次的關係，頭的階級論詮釋是與我們的三一真神神學互相矛盾的。聖子與聖父是同質同榮同尊，完全沒有掌控管理的階極關係。保羅在本段經文中強調，在上帝創造天地時，是從男人身上取下一根肋骨，來創造出女人。因此，女人是從男人而出了，因此，在男女的關係中，以源頭論來詮釋男女之間的關係是與保羅的神學比較一致的論述。根據保羅在歌羅西書的基督論，愛子是不能看見神的像，是首生的。(西1:15) 因此，聖子是從聖父首生的獨生愛子。聖父是聖子的源頭的詮釋與保羅在歌羅西書的基督論也是一致的。其次，有關女人在禱告或講道，必須蒙頭，而男人在禱告或講道時，則不可以蒙頭。由於男人是女人的頭，因此，女人在禱告或講道時，必須把頭蒙住，如此才不會高舉男人。基督是男人的頭，因此，當男人在禱告或講道時，則不可以蒙頭，必須要高舉基督才對。因此，女人蒙頭與男人不蒙頭，是強調基督地位的高超，以及不可高舉人類的在神面前的謙卑，而不是關於男人與女人間之地位高低的議題。求主教導我，在聖經真理的詮釋上，能夠常存謙卑的心來學習。
題目: 7-15節中說，婦女在聚會中需蒙頭的原因為何？你有何看法？如何應用在現今教會中？
11:1 你們該效法我，像我效法基督一樣。
Be imitators of me, as I am of Christ.
11:2 我稱讚你們，因你們凡事記念我，又堅守我所傳給你們的。
I commend you because you remember me in everything and maintain the traditions even as I have delivered them to you.
11:3 我願意你們知道，基督是各人的頭；男人是女人的頭； 神是基督的頭。
But I want you to understand that the head of every man is Christ, the head of a woman is her husband, and the head of Christ is God.
11:4 凡男人禱告或是講道（或作：說預言；下同），若蒙著頭，就羞辱自己的頭。
Any man who prays or prophesies with his head covered dishonors his head,
11:5 凡女人禱告或是講道，若不蒙著頭，就羞辱自己的頭，因為這就如同剃了頭髮一樣。
but any woman who prays or prophesies with her head unveiled dishonors her head -- it is the same as if her head were shaven.
11:6 女人若不蒙著頭，就該剪了頭髮；女人若以剪髮、剃髮為羞愧，就該蒙著頭。
For if a woman will not veil herself, then she should cut off her hair; but if it is disgraceful for a woman to be shorn or shaven, let her wear a veil.
11:7 男人本不該蒙著頭，因為他是 神的形像和榮耀；但女人是男人的榮耀。
For a man ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God; but woman is the glory of man.
11:8 起初，男人不是由女人而出，女人乃是由男人而出。
(For man was not made from woman, but woman from man.
11:9 並且男人不是為女人造的；女人乃是為男人造的。
Neither was man created for woman, but woman for man.)
11:10 因此，女人為天使的緣故，應當在頭上有服權柄的記號。
That is why a woman ought to have a veil on her head, because of the angels.
11:11 然而照主的安排，女也不是無男，男也不是無女。
(Nevertheless, in the Lord woman is not independent of man nor man of woman;
11:12 因為女人原是由男人而出，男人也是由女人而出；但萬有都是出乎 神。
for as woman was made from man, so man is now born of woman. And all things are from God.)
11:13 你們自己審察，女人禱告 神，不蒙著頭是合宜的嗎？
Judge for yourselves; is it proper for a woman to pray to God with her head uncovered?
11:14 你們的本性不也指示你們，男人若有長頭髮，便是他的羞辱嗎？
Does not nature itself teach you that for a man to wear long hair is degrading to him,
11:15 但女人有長頭髮，乃是她的榮耀，因為這頭髮是給她作蓋頭的。
but if a woman has long hair, it is her pride? For her hair is given to her for a covering.
11:16 若有人想要辯駁，我們卻沒有這樣的規矩， 神的眾教會也是沒有的。
If any one is disposed to be contentious, we recognize no other practice, nor do the churches of God.
11:17 我現今吩咐你們的話，不是稱讚你們；因為你們聚會不是受益，乃是招損。
But in the following instructions I do not commend you, because when you come together it is not for the better but for the worse.
11:18 第一，我聽說，你們聚會的時候彼此分門別類，我也稍微的信這話。
For, in the first place, when you assemble as a church, I hear that there are divisions among you; and I partly believe it,
11:19 在你們中間不免有分門結黨的事，好叫那些有經驗的人顯明出來。
for there must be factions among you in order that those who are genuine among you may be recognized.
11:20 你們聚會的時候，算不得吃主的晚餐；
When you meet together, it is not the Lord's supper that you eat.
11:21 因為吃的時候，各人先吃自己的飯，甚至這個飢餓，那個酒醉。
For in eating, each one goes ahead with his own meal, and one is hungry and another is drunk.
11:22 你們要吃喝，難道沒有家麼？還是藐視 神的教會，叫那沒有的羞愧呢？我向你們可怎麼說呢？可因此稱讚你們麼？我不稱讚！
What! Do you not have houses to eat and drink in? Or do you despise the church of God and humiliate those who have nothing? What shall I say to you? Shall I commend you in this? No, I will not.
11:23 我當日傳給你們的，原是從主領受的，就是主耶穌被賣的那一夜，拿起餅來，
For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread,
11:24 祝謝了，就擘開，說：這是我的身體，為你們捨（有古卷：擘開）的，你們應當如此行，為的是記念我。
and when he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, "This is my body which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me."
11:25 飯後，也照樣拿起杯來，說：這杯是用我的血所立的新約，你們每逢喝的時候，要如此行，為的是記念我。
In the same way also the cup, after supper, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me."
11:26 你們每逢吃這餅，喝這杯，是表明主的死，直等到他來。
For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes.
11:27 所以，無論何人，不按理吃主的餅，喝主的杯，就是干犯主的身、主的血了。
Whoever, therefore, eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of profaning the body and blood of the Lord.
11:28 人應當自己省察，然後吃這餅、喝這杯。
Let a man examine himself, and so eat of the bread and drink of the cup.
11:29 因為人吃喝，若不分辨是主的身體，就是吃喝自己的罪了。
For any one who eats and drinks without discerning the body eats and drinks judgment upon himself.
11:30 因此，在你們中間有好些軟弱的與患病的，死（原文是睡）的也不少。
That is why many of you are weak and ill, and some have died.
11:31 我們若是先分辨自己，就不至於受審。
But if we judged ourselves truly, we should not be judged.
11:32 我們受審的時候，乃是被主懲治，免得我們和世人一同定罪。
But when we are judged by the Lord, we are chastened so that we may not be condemned along with the world.
11:33 所以我弟兄們，你們聚會吃的時候，要彼此等待。
So then, my brethren, when you come together to eat, wait for one another --
11:34 若有人飢餓，可以在家裡先吃，免得你們聚會，自己取罪。其餘的事，我來的時候再安排。
if any one is hungry, let him eat at home -- lest you come together to be condemned. About the other things I will give directions when I come.
Be imitators of me, as I am of Christ.
11:2 我稱讚你們，因你們凡事記念我，又堅守我所傳給你們的。
I commend you because you remember me in everything and maintain the traditions even as I have delivered them to you.
11:3 我願意你們知道，基督是各人的頭；男人是女人的頭； 神是基督的頭。
But I want you to understand that the head of every man is Christ, the head of a woman is her husband, and the head of Christ is God.
11:4 凡男人禱告或是講道（或作：說預言；下同），若蒙著頭，就羞辱自己的頭。
Any man who prays or prophesies with his head covered dishonors his head,
11:5 凡女人禱告或是講道，若不蒙著頭，就羞辱自己的頭，因為這就如同剃了頭髮一樣。
but any woman who prays or prophesies with her head unveiled dishonors her head -- it is the same as if her head were shaven.
11:6 女人若不蒙著頭，就該剪了頭髮；女人若以剪髮、剃髮為羞愧，就該蒙著頭。
For if a woman will not veil herself, then she should cut off her hair; but if it is disgraceful for a woman to be shorn or shaven, let her wear a veil.
11:7 男人本不該蒙著頭，因為他是 神的形像和榮耀；但女人是男人的榮耀。
For a man ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God; but woman is the glory of man.
11:8 起初，男人不是由女人而出，女人乃是由男人而出。
(For man was not made from woman, but woman from man.
11:9 並且男人不是為女人造的；女人乃是為男人造的。
Neither was man created for woman, but woman for man.)
11:10 因此，女人為天使的緣故，應當在頭上有服權柄的記號。
That is why a woman ought to have a veil on her head, because of the angels.
11:11 然而照主的安排，女也不是無男，男也不是無女。
(Nevertheless, in the Lord woman is not independent of man nor man of woman;
11:12 因為女人原是由男人而出，男人也是由女人而出；但萬有都是出乎 神。
for as woman was made from man, so man is now born of woman. And all things are from God.)
11:13 你們自己審察，女人禱告 神，不蒙著頭是合宜的嗎？
Judge for yourselves; is it proper for a woman to pray to God with her head uncovered?
11:14 你們的本性不也指示你們，男人若有長頭髮，便是他的羞辱嗎？
Does not nature itself teach you that for a man to wear long hair is degrading to him,
11:15 但女人有長頭髮，乃是她的榮耀，因為這頭髮是給她作蓋頭的。
but if a woman has long hair, it is her pride? For her hair is given to her for a covering.
11:16 若有人想要辯駁，我們卻沒有這樣的規矩， 神的眾教會也是沒有的。
If any one is disposed to be contentious, we recognize no other practice, nor do the churches of God.
11:17 我現今吩咐你們的話，不是稱讚你們；因為你們聚會不是受益，乃是招損。
But in the following instructions I do not commend you, because when you come together it is not for the better but for the worse.
11:18 第一，我聽說，你們聚會的時候彼此分門別類，我也稍微的信這話。
For, in the first place, when you assemble as a church, I hear that there are divisions among you; and I partly believe it,
11:19 在你們中間不免有分門結黨的事，好叫那些有經驗的人顯明出來。
for there must be factions among you in order that those who are genuine among you may be recognized.
11:20 你們聚會的時候，算不得吃主的晚餐；
When you meet together, it is not the Lord's supper that you eat.
11:21 因為吃的時候，各人先吃自己的飯，甚至這個飢餓，那個酒醉。
For in eating, each one goes ahead with his own meal, and one is hungry and another is drunk.
11:22 你們要吃喝，難道沒有家麼？還是藐視 神的教會，叫那沒有的羞愧呢？我向你們可怎麼說呢？可因此稱讚你們麼？我不稱讚！
What! Do you not have houses to eat and drink in? Or do you despise the church of God and humiliate those who have nothing? What shall I say to you? Shall I commend you in this? No, I will not.
11:23 我當日傳給你們的，原是從主領受的，就是主耶穌被賣的那一夜，拿起餅來，
For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread,
11:24 祝謝了，就擘開，說：這是我的身體，為你們捨（有古卷：擘開）的，你們應當如此行，為的是記念我。
and when he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, "This is my body which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me."
11:25 飯後，也照樣拿起杯來，說：這杯是用我的血所立的新約，你們每逢喝的時候，要如此行，為的是記念我。
In the same way also the cup, after supper, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me."
11:26 你們每逢吃這餅，喝這杯，是表明主的死，直等到他來。
For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes.
11:27 所以，無論何人，不按理吃主的餅，喝主的杯，就是干犯主的身、主的血了。
Whoever, therefore, eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of profaning the body and blood of the Lord.
11:28 人應當自己省察，然後吃這餅、喝這杯。
Let a man examine himself, and so eat of the bread and drink of the cup.
11:29 因為人吃喝，若不分辨是主的身體，就是吃喝自己的罪了。
For any one who eats and drinks without discerning the body eats and drinks judgment upon himself.
11:30 因此，在你們中間有好些軟弱的與患病的，死（原文是睡）的也不少。
That is why many of you are weak and ill, and some have died.
11:31 我們若是先分辨自己，就不至於受審。
But if we judged ourselves truly, we should not be judged.
11:32 我們受審的時候，乃是被主懲治，免得我們和世人一同定罪。
But when we are judged by the Lord, we are chastened so that we may not be condemned along with the world.
11:33 所以我弟兄們，你們聚會吃的時候，要彼此等待。
So then, my brethren, when you come together to eat, wait for one another --
11:34 若有人飢餓，可以在家裡先吃，免得你們聚會，自己取罪。其餘的事，我來的時候再安排。
if any one is hungry, let him eat at home -- lest you come together to be condemned. About the other things I will give directions when I come.
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在哥林多前書11: 7-15節中，保羅講到婦女在聚會中需「蒙頭」的理由：
回覆刪除1) 按教會的秩序來說女人應該蒙頭（11:1-7節）
2) 按創造的先後說女人應順服男人（11:8-12節）
3) 按當時的傳統觀念來說婦女應該蒙頭（11:13-15節）
4) 沒有辯駁的規矩（11:16節）
保羅對「婦女蒙頭」的教訓是基於一個事實，就是每一個有秩序的社會，都建立在兩大基礎上──「權威」和對該權威的「順服」。世上沒有任何社會可以不依上述原則而又能運作完善。保羅談到三種重要的關係，都牽涉「權威」和「順服」。1）基督是各人的頭；基督是主，人臣服於他。2）男人是女人的頭；上帝將領導的地位交給男人，女人在男人的權威之下。3）上帝是基督的頭；甚至在三位一體的（聖父，聖子，聖靈）來說，也由其中一位站在領導的地位上，另一位則順命聽從。
這些領導和服從的例子，是上帝親自設計的，這在他安排的宇宙秩序中是基本的。 首先要強調，順服並不等於次等。基督順服上帝，但他並不次於上帝。同樣地，女人雖然順服男人，但女人並不次於男人。「蒙頭」是一種外在的標記，只有當這標記是象徵內在的美德時，才有價值。換句話說，一個女人可能蒙了頭，卻並沒有真正地順服丈夫。這樣的話，蒙頭就毫無意義了。是從心底裏真正的順服；這樣，女人蒙頭就真正有意義了。總而言之，全段教訓的總意，就是要男女信徒各按自己的地位，忠心服事主。婦人當順服男人，教會裡的各人，當順服基督， 和基督順服上帝的真理。這個「權威」和對該權威的「順服」的屬靈的原則，是超時代性的，是任何時代的教會應該聽從的。