全新四年樂活讀經
W3 2011-05 -18 (出21)
經文: 出埃及記 21:17 咒罵父母的，必要把他治死。
默想: 上帝吩咐摩西，交給以色列人的十誡當中的第五誡，是要孝敬父母，使你的日子在耶和華你神所賜給你的地上得以長久。這是一條帶著祝福應許的正面誡命。從反面來看，一旦咒罵父母罪證確切，則是唯一死刑。我不知道這一條律法，在以色列人漫長的歷史當中的實際執行情況如何。我也不知道，這一條律法是否讓以色列人的親子關係，比其他的種族更為美滿。我更不知道，這一條誡命，只是在當代時空文化下的律法，或是這是上帝所頒佈，放諸四海皆準的永恆真理。親愛的主，求你教導我，知道如何來瞭解與詮釋摩西五經中的許多律法。
題目: 21：1-11 上帝要立約的以色列百姓如何對待僕婢？其中的原則為何？
21:1 「你在百姓面前所要立的典章是這樣：
"Now these are the ordinances which you shall set before them.
21:2 你若買希伯來人作奴僕，他必服事你六年；第七年他可以自由，白白地出去。
When you buy a Hebrew slave, he shall serve six years, and in the seventh he shall go out free, for nothing.
21:3 他若孤身來就可以孤身去；他若有妻，他的妻就可以同他出去。
If he comes in single, he shall go out single; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him.
21:4 他主人若給他妻子，妻子給他生了兒子或女兒，妻子和兒女要歸主人，他要獨自出去。
If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master's and he shall go out alone.
21:5 倘或奴僕明說：『我愛我的主人和我的妻子兒女，不願意自由出去。』
But if the slave plainly says, `I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free,'
21:6 他的主人就要帶他到審判官（審判官或作： 神；下同）那裡，又要帶他到門前，靠近門框，用錐子穿他的耳朵，他就永遠服事主人。
then his master shall bring him to God, and he shall bring him to the door or the doorpost; and his master shall bore his ear through with an awl; and he shall serve him for life.
21:7 「人若賣女兒作婢女，婢女不可像男僕那樣出去。
"When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves do.
21:8 主人選定她歸自己，若不喜歡她，就要許她贖身；主人既然用詭詐待她，就沒有權柄賣給外邦人。
If she does not please her master, who has designated her for himself, then he shall let her be redeemed; he shall have no right to sell her to a foreign people, since he has dealt faithlessly with her.
21:9 主人若選定她給自己的兒子，就當待她如同女兒。
If he designates her for his son, he shall deal with her as with a daughter.
21:10 若另娶一個，那女子的吃食、衣服，並好合的事，仍不可減少。
If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, or her marital rights.
21:11 若不向她行這三樣，她就可以不用錢贖，白白地出去。」
And if he does not do these three things for her, she shall go out for nothing, without payment of money.
21:12 「打人以致打死的，必要把他治死。
"Whoever strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death.
21:13 人若不是埋伏著殺人，乃是 神交在他手中，我就設下一個地方，他可以往那裡逃跑。
But if he did not lie in wait for him, but God let him fall into his hand, then I will appoint for you a place to which he may flee.
21:14 人若任意用詭計殺了他的鄰舍，就是逃到我的壇那裡，也當捉去把他治死。
But if a man willfully attacks another to kill him treacherously, you shall take him from my altar, that he may die.
21:15 「打父母的，必要把他治死。
"Whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to death.
21:16 「拐帶人口，或是把人賣了，或是留在他手下，必要把他治死。
"Whoever steals a man, whether he sells him or is found in possession of him, shall be put to death.
21:17 「咒罵父母的，必要把他治死。
"Whoever curses his father or his mother shall be put to death.
21:18 「人若彼此相爭，這個用石頭或是拳頭打那個，尚且不至於死，不過躺臥在床，
"When men quarrel and one strikes the other with a stone or with his fist and the man does not die but keeps his bed,
21:19 若再能起來扶杖而出，那打他的可算無罪；但要將他耽誤的工夫用錢賠補，並要將他全然醫好。
then if the man rises again and walks abroad with his staff, he that struck him shall be clear; only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall have him thoroughly healed.
21:20 「人若用棍子打奴僕或婢女，立時死在他的手下，他必要受刑。
"When a man strikes his slave, male or female, with a rod and the slave dies under his hand, he shall be punished.
21:21 若過一兩天才死，就可以不受刑，因為是用錢買的。
But if the slave survives a day or two, he is not to be punished; for the slave is his money.
21:22 「人若彼此爭鬥，傷害有孕的婦人，甚至墜胎，隨後卻無別害，那傷害她的，總要按婦人的丈夫所要的，照審判官所斷的，受罰。
"When men strive together, and hurt a woman with child, so that there is a miscarriage, and yet no harm follows, the one who hurt her shall be fined, according as the woman's husband shall lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine.
21:23 若有別害，就要以命償命，
If any harm follows, then you shall give life for life,
21:24 以眼還眼，以牙還牙，以手還手，以腳還腳，
eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,
21:25 以烙還烙，以傷還傷，以打還打。
burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.
21:26 「人若打壞了他奴僕或是婢女的一隻眼，就要因他的眼放他去得以自由。
"When a man strikes the eye of his slave, male or female, and destroys it, he shall let the slave go free for the eye's sake.
21:27 若打掉了他奴僕或是婢女的一個牙，就要因他的牙放他去得以自由。」
If he knocks out the tooth of his slave, male or female, he shall let the slave go free for the tooth's sake.
21:28 「牛若觸死男人或是女人，總要用石頭打死那牛，卻不可吃牠的肉；牛的主人可算無罪。
"When an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the ox shall be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be clear.
21:29 倘若那牛素來是觸人的，有人報告了牛主，他竟不把牛拴著，以致把男人或是女人觸死，就要用石頭打死那牛，牛主也必治死。
But if the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has been warned but has not kept it in, and it kills a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned, and its owner also shall be put to death.
21:30 若罰他贖命的價銀，他必照所罰的贖他的命。
If a ransom is laid on him, then he shall give for the redemption of his life whatever is laid upon him.
21:31 牛無論觸了人的兒子或是女兒，必照這例辦理。
If it gores a man's son or daughter, he shall be dealt with according to this same rule.
21:32 牛若觸了奴僕或是婢女，必將銀子三十舍客勒給他們的主人，也要用石頭把牛打死。
If the ox gores a slave, male or female, the owner shall give to their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.
21:33 「人若敞著井口，或挖井不遮蓋，有牛或驢掉在裡頭，
"When a man leaves a pit open, or when a man digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or an ass falls into it,
21:34 井主要拿錢賠還本主人，死牲畜要歸自己。
the owner of the pit shall make it good; he shall give money to its owner, and the dead beast shall be his.
21:35 「這人的牛若傷了那人的牛，以至於死，他們要賣了活牛，平分價值，也要平分死牛。
"When one man's ox hurts another's, so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox and divide the price of it; and the dead beast also they shall divide.
21:36 人若知道這牛素來是觸人的，主人竟不把牛拴著，他必要以牛還牛，死牛要歸自己。」
Or if it is known that the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has not kept it in, he shall pay ox for ox, and the dead beast shall be his.
"Now these are the ordinances which you shall set before them.
21:2 你若買希伯來人作奴僕，他必服事你六年；第七年他可以自由，白白地出去。
When you buy a Hebrew slave, he shall serve six years, and in the seventh he shall go out free, for nothing.
21:3 他若孤身來就可以孤身去；他若有妻，他的妻就可以同他出去。
If he comes in single, he shall go out single; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him.
21:4 他主人若給他妻子，妻子給他生了兒子或女兒，妻子和兒女要歸主人，他要獨自出去。
If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master's and he shall go out alone.
21:5 倘或奴僕明說：『我愛我的主人和我的妻子兒女，不願意自由出去。』
But if the slave plainly says, `I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free,'
21:6 他的主人就要帶他到審判官（審判官或作： 神；下同）那裡，又要帶他到門前，靠近門框，用錐子穿他的耳朵，他就永遠服事主人。
then his master shall bring him to God, and he shall bring him to the door or the doorpost; and his master shall bore his ear through with an awl; and he shall serve him for life.
21:7 「人若賣女兒作婢女，婢女不可像男僕那樣出去。
"When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves do.
21:8 主人選定她歸自己，若不喜歡她，就要許她贖身；主人既然用詭詐待她，就沒有權柄賣給外邦人。
If she does not please her master, who has designated her for himself, then he shall let her be redeemed; he shall have no right to sell her to a foreign people, since he has dealt faithlessly with her.
21:9 主人若選定她給自己的兒子，就當待她如同女兒。
If he designates her for his son, he shall deal with her as with a daughter.
21:10 若另娶一個，那女子的吃食、衣服，並好合的事，仍不可減少。
If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, or her marital rights.
21:11 若不向她行這三樣，她就可以不用錢贖，白白地出去。」
And if he does not do these three things for her, she shall go out for nothing, without payment of money.
21:12 「打人以致打死的，必要把他治死。
"Whoever strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death.
21:13 人若不是埋伏著殺人，乃是 神交在他手中，我就設下一個地方，他可以往那裡逃跑。
But if he did not lie in wait for him, but God let him fall into his hand, then I will appoint for you a place to which he may flee.
21:14 人若任意用詭計殺了他的鄰舍，就是逃到我的壇那裡，也當捉去把他治死。
But if a man willfully attacks another to kill him treacherously, you shall take him from my altar, that he may die.
21:15 「打父母的，必要把他治死。
"Whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to death.
21:16 「拐帶人口，或是把人賣了，或是留在他手下，必要把他治死。
"Whoever steals a man, whether he sells him or is found in possession of him, shall be put to death.
21:17 「咒罵父母的，必要把他治死。
"Whoever curses his father or his mother shall be put to death.
21:18 「人若彼此相爭，這個用石頭或是拳頭打那個，尚且不至於死，不過躺臥在床，
"When men quarrel and one strikes the other with a stone or with his fist and the man does not die but keeps his bed,
21:19 若再能起來扶杖而出，那打他的可算無罪；但要將他耽誤的工夫用錢賠補，並要將他全然醫好。
then if the man rises again and walks abroad with his staff, he that struck him shall be clear; only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall have him thoroughly healed.
21:20 「人若用棍子打奴僕或婢女，立時死在他的手下，他必要受刑。
"When a man strikes his slave, male or female, with a rod and the slave dies under his hand, he shall be punished.
21:21 若過一兩天才死，就可以不受刑，因為是用錢買的。
But if the slave survives a day or two, he is not to be punished; for the slave is his money.
21:22 「人若彼此爭鬥，傷害有孕的婦人，甚至墜胎，隨後卻無別害，那傷害她的，總要按婦人的丈夫所要的，照審判官所斷的，受罰。
"When men strive together, and hurt a woman with child, so that there is a miscarriage, and yet no harm follows, the one who hurt her shall be fined, according as the woman's husband shall lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine.
21:23 若有別害，就要以命償命，
If any harm follows, then you shall give life for life,
21:24 以眼還眼，以牙還牙，以手還手，以腳還腳，
eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,
21:25 以烙還烙，以傷還傷，以打還打。
burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.
21:26 「人若打壞了他奴僕或是婢女的一隻眼，就要因他的眼放他去得以自由。
"When a man strikes the eye of his slave, male or female, and destroys it, he shall let the slave go free for the eye's sake.
21:27 若打掉了他奴僕或是婢女的一個牙，就要因他的牙放他去得以自由。」
If he knocks out the tooth of his slave, male or female, he shall let the slave go free for the tooth's sake.
21:28 「牛若觸死男人或是女人，總要用石頭打死那牛，卻不可吃牠的肉；牛的主人可算無罪。
"When an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the ox shall be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be clear.
21:29 倘若那牛素來是觸人的，有人報告了牛主，他竟不把牛拴著，以致把男人或是女人觸死，就要用石頭打死那牛，牛主也必治死。
But if the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has been warned but has not kept it in, and it kills a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned, and its owner also shall be put to death.
21:30 若罰他贖命的價銀，他必照所罰的贖他的命。
If a ransom is laid on him, then he shall give for the redemption of his life whatever is laid upon him.
21:31 牛無論觸了人的兒子或是女兒，必照這例辦理。
If it gores a man's son or daughter, he shall be dealt with according to this same rule.
21:32 牛若觸了奴僕或是婢女，必將銀子三十舍客勒給他們的主人，也要用石頭把牛打死。
If the ox gores a slave, male or female, the owner shall give to their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.
21:33 「人若敞著井口，或挖井不遮蓋，有牛或驢掉在裡頭，
"When a man leaves a pit open, or when a man digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or an ass falls into it,
21:34 井主要拿錢賠還本主人，死牲畜要歸自己。
the owner of the pit shall make it good; he shall give money to its owner, and the dead beast shall be his.
21:35 「這人的牛若傷了那人的牛，以至於死，他們要賣了活牛，平分價值，也要平分死牛。
"When one man's ox hurts another's, so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox and divide the price of it; and the dead beast also they shall divide.
21:36 人若知道這牛素來是觸人的，主人竟不把牛拴著，他必要以牛還牛，死牛要歸自己。」
Or if it is known that the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has not kept it in, he shall pay ox for ox, and the dead beast shall be his.
今日心得上傳及閱讀請到
1. 蔡茂堂牧師blog: http://hopingtsaidevotion.blogspot.com/
2. 李晶晶牧師blog: http://taipeihoping-chin.blogspot.com/
蔡茂堂牧師創世記查經班歷年錄音檔案:
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和平慕道班
主日下午14:00~15:00，華神陽光餐廳。歡迎想要了解上帝、基督教的兄姊前往。
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