全新四年樂活讀經
W5 2011-07-29 (利16)
經文: 利未記 16:7-10 也要把兩隻公山羊安置在會幕門口、耶和華面前，為那兩隻羊拈鬮，一鬮歸與耶和華，一鬮歸與阿撒瀉勒。亞倫要把那拈鬮歸與耶和華的羊獻為贖罪祭，但那拈鬮歸與阿撒瀉勒的羊要活著安置在耶和華面前，用以贖罪，打發人送到曠野去，歸與阿撒瀉勒。
默想: 在一年一度的贖罪日 (Yom Kippur)，大祭司要先獻上一隻公牛，為自己與本家贖罪。然後，在會幕門口為兩隻公山羊拈鬮，一鬮歸與耶和華，一鬮歸與阿撒瀉勒。祭司要將歸與耶和華的公山羊宰殺，作為替全體以色列人的贖罪祭。這隻贖罪的羔羊，代表主耶穌替我們捨命贖罪 (參閱：來9:11-12, 24-26; 10:19-21)
但是，另外一隻山羊，被稱為歸與阿撒瀉勒，是要被拉到曠野無人之地。因此，這隻歸與阿撒瀉勒的神學象徵與意義，就成為自古至今神學家之爭議題目之一。
猶太人為了怕這隻背負全以色列人罪孽歸與阿撒瀉勒的公山羊又活著跑回到營內來，後來甚至發展為指定一位非以色列人，專職將這隻歸與阿撒瀉勒的公山羊牽到陡峭的懸崖邊，將祭司所綁在羊角上的繩子解下來，一頭綁一個大石頭，另一頭綁在羊角上，然後，設法將那隻公山羊往懸崖推下去，盼望那隻山羊就這樣活活摔死在懸崖下的深谷中，永遠不會回到以色列營中。但是，這隻羊與被獻為贖罪祭的公山羊並不完全相同，後者是被大祭司親手宰殺，確定死在祭壇邊，所流出的血，被拿進至聖所，在施恩座的東面彈一次，前面彈七次。脂油在祭壇上焚燒，其餘的部份則全部要搬到營外，用火焚燒盡淨。這隻歸與阿撒瀉勒的公山羊的最終命運則是無人能夠確定。誰也不敢說，或許那一天，會在以色列營中突然發現這隻角上綁著歸與阿撒瀉勒繩子的公山羊又活著跑了回來。或許這預表著，主耶穌為了救贖我們，替我們背負了罪刑。但是，我們的罪性，可能就像這隻歸與阿撒瀉勒的公山羊一樣，我們很盼望他也一去不回頭，永遠的離開我們。如此，我們就已經完全成聖，永遠不會再犯罪了。根據加爾文神學，我們蒙恩得救的人，主耶穌已經替我們擔當了罪刑，但是，只要我們還活著，我們罪性的陰影，可能一直都跟著我們。我們要一直依靠聖靈的保守，才能夠勝過罪性的影響，在成聖的旅程上，靠主得勝。
題目: 7-26節，什麼是「阿撒瀉勒」？把羊歸給阿撒瀉勒的用意為何？你有看法與感想？
16:1 亞倫的兩個兒子近到耶和華面前死了。死了之後，耶和華曉諭摩西說：
The LORD spoke to Moses, after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they drew near before the LORD and died;
16:2 ：「要告訴你哥哥亞倫，不可隨時進聖所的幔子內、到櫃上的施恩座前，免得他死亡，因為我要從雲中顯現在施恩座上。
and the LORD said to Moses, "Tell Aaron your brother not to come at all times into the holy place within the veil, before the mercy seat which is upon the ark, lest he die; for I will appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat.
16:3 亞倫進聖所，要帶一隻公牛犢為贖罪祭，一隻公綿羊為燔祭。
But thus shall Aaron come into the holy place: with a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering.
16:4 要穿上細麻布聖內袍，把細麻布褲子穿在身上，腰束細麻布帶子，頭戴細麻布冠冕；這都是聖服。他要用水洗身，然後穿戴。
He shall put on the holy linen coat, and shall have the linen breeches on his body, be girded with the linen girdle, and wear the linen turban; these are the holy garments. He shall bathe his body in water, and then put them on.
16:5 要從以色列會眾取兩隻公山羊為贖罪祭，一隻公綿羊為燔祭。
And he shall take from the congregation of the people of Israel two male goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a burnt offering.
16:6 「亞倫要把贖罪祭的公牛奉上，為自己和本家贖罪；
"And Aaron shall offer the bull as a sin offering for himself, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house.
16:7 也要把兩隻公山羊安置在會幕門口、耶和華面前，
Then he shall take the two goats, and set them before the LORD at the door of the tent of meeting;
16:8 為那兩隻羊拈鬮，一鬮歸與耶和華，一鬮歸與阿撒瀉勒。
and Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats, one lot for the LORD and the other lot for Aza'zel.
16:9 亞倫要把那拈鬮歸與耶和華的羊獻為贖罪祭，
And Aaron shall present the goat on which the lot fell for the LORD, and offer it as a sin offering;
16:10 但那拈鬮歸與阿撒瀉勒的羊要活著安置在耶和華面前，用以贖罪，打發人送到曠野去，歸與阿撒瀉勒。
but the goat on which the lot fell for Aza'zel shall be presented alive before the LORD to make atonement over it, that it may be sent away into the wilderness to Aza'zel.
16:11 「亞倫要把贖罪祭的公牛帶來宰了，為自己和本家贖罪；
"Aaron shall present the bull as a sin offering for himself, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house; he shall kill the bull as a sin offering for himself.
16:12 拿香爐，從耶和華面前的壇上盛滿火炭，又拿一捧搗細的香料，都帶入幔子內，
And he shall take a censer full of coals of fire from the altar before the LORD, and two handfuls of sweet incense beaten small; and he shall bring it within the veil
16:13 在耶和華面前，把香放在火上，使香的煙雲遮掩法櫃上的施恩座，免得他死亡；
and put the incense on the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat which is upon the testimony, lest he die;
16:14 也要取些公牛的血，用指頭彈在施恩座的東面，又在施恩座的前面彈血七次。
and he shall take some of the blood of the bull, and sprinkle it with his finger on the front of the mercy seat, and before the mercy seat he shall sprinkle the blood with his finger seven times.
16:15 「隨後他要宰那為百姓作贖罪祭的公山羊，把羊的血帶入幔子內，彈在施恩座的上面和前面，好像彈公牛的血一樣。
"Then he shall kill the goat of the sin offering which is for the people, and bring its blood within the veil, and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, sprinkling it upon the mercy seat and before the mercy seat;
16:16 他因以色列人諸般的污穢、過犯，就是他們一切的罪愆，當這樣在聖所行贖罪之禮，並因會幕在他們污穢之中，也要照樣而行。
thus he shall make atonement for the holy place, because of the uncleannesses of the people of Israel, and because of their transgressions, all their sins; and so he shall do for the tent of meeting, which abides with them in the midst of their uncleannesses.
16:17 他進聖所贖罪的時候，會幕裡不可有人，直等到他為自己和本家並以色列全會眾贖了罪出來。
There shall be no man in the tent of meeting when he enters to make atonement in the holy place until he comes out and has made atonement for himself and for his house and for all the assembly of Israel.
16:18 他出來，要到耶和華面前的壇那裡，在壇上行贖罪之禮，又要取些公牛的血和公山羊的血，抹在壇上四角的周圍；
Then he shall go out to the altar which is before the LORD and make atonement for it, and shall take some of the blood of the bull and of the blood of the goat, and put it on the horns of the altar round about.
16:19 也要用指頭把血彈在壇上七次，潔淨了壇，從壇上除掉以色列人諸般的污穢，使壇成聖。」
And he shall sprinkle some of the blood upon it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it and hallow it from the uncleannesses of the people of Israel.
16:20 「亞倫為聖所和會幕並壇獻完了贖罪祭，就要把那隻活著的公山羊奉上。
"And when he has made an end of atoning for the holy place and the tent of meeting and the altar, he shall present the live goat;
16:21 兩手按在羊頭上，承認以色列人諸般的罪孽過犯，就是他們一切的罪愆，把這罪都歸在羊的頭上，藉著所派之人的手，送到曠野去。
and Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the people of Israel, and all their transgressions, all their sins; and he shall put them upon the head of the goat, and send him away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who is in readiness.
16:22 要把這羊放在曠野，這羊要擔當他們一切的罪孽，帶到無人之地。
The goat shall bear all their iniquities upon him to a solitary land; and he shall let the goat go in the wilderness.
16:23 「亞倫要進會幕，把他進聖所時所穿的細麻布衣服脫下，放在那裡，
"Then Aaron shall come into the tent of meeting, and shall put off the linen garments which he put on when he went into the holy place, and shall leave them there;
16:24 又要在聖處用水洗身，穿上衣服，出來，把自己的燔祭和百姓的燔祭獻上，為自己和百姓贖罪。
and he shall bathe his body in water in a holy place, and put on his garments, and come forth, and offer his burnt offering and the burnt offering of the people, and make atonement for himself and for the people.
16:25 贖罪祭牲的脂油要在壇上焚燒。
And the fat of the sin offering he shall burn upon the altar.
16:26 那放羊歸與阿撒瀉勒的人要洗衣服，用水洗身，然後進營。
And he who lets the goat go to Aza'zel shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.
16:27 作贖罪祭的公牛和公山羊的血既帶入聖所贖罪，這牛羊就要搬到營外，將皮、肉、糞用火焚燒。
And the bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the holy place, shall be carried forth outside the camp; their skin and their flesh and their dung shall be burned with fire.
16:28 焚燒的人要洗衣服，用水洗身，然後進營。」
And he who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.
16:29 「每逢七月初十日，你們要刻苦己心，無論是本地人，是寄居在你們中間的外人，甚麼工都不可做；這要作你們永遠的定例。
"And it shall be a statute to you for ever that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict yourselves, and shall do no work, either the native or the stranger who sojourns among you;
16:30 因在這日要為你們贖罪，使你們潔淨。你們要在耶和華面前得以潔淨，脫盡一切的罪愆。
for on this day shall atonement be made for you, to cleanse you; from all your sins you shall be clean before the LORD.
16:31 這日你們要守為聖安息日，要刻苦己心；這為永遠的定例。
It is a sabbath of solemn rest to you, and you shall afflict yourselves; it is a statute for ever.
16:32 那受膏、接續他父親承接聖職的祭司要穿上細麻布的聖衣，行贖罪之禮。
And the priest who is anointed and consecrated as priest in his father's place shall make atonement, wearing the holy linen garments;
16:33 他要在至聖所和會幕與壇行贖罪之禮，並要為眾祭司和會眾的百姓贖罪。
he shall make atonement for the sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the tent of meeting and for the altar, and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly.
16:34 這要作你們永遠的定例─就是因以色列人一切的罪，要一年一次為他們贖罪。」於是，亞倫照耶和華所吩咐摩西的行了。
And this shall be an everlasting statute for you, that atonement may be made for the people of Israel once in the year because of all their sins." And Moses did as the LORD commanded him.
The LORD spoke to Moses, after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they drew near before the LORD and died;
16:2 ：「要告訴你哥哥亞倫，不可隨時進聖所的幔子內、到櫃上的施恩座前，免得他死亡，因為我要從雲中顯現在施恩座上。
and the LORD said to Moses, "Tell Aaron your brother not to come at all times into the holy place within the veil, before the mercy seat which is upon the ark, lest he die; for I will appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat.
16:3 亞倫進聖所，要帶一隻公牛犢為贖罪祭，一隻公綿羊為燔祭。
But thus shall Aaron come into the holy place: with a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering.
16:4 要穿上細麻布聖內袍，把細麻布褲子穿在身上，腰束細麻布帶子，頭戴細麻布冠冕；這都是聖服。他要用水洗身，然後穿戴。
He shall put on the holy linen coat, and shall have the linen breeches on his body, be girded with the linen girdle, and wear the linen turban; these are the holy garments. He shall bathe his body in water, and then put them on.
16:5 要從以色列會眾取兩隻公山羊為贖罪祭，一隻公綿羊為燔祭。
And he shall take from the congregation of the people of Israel two male goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a burnt offering.
16:6 「亞倫要把贖罪祭的公牛奉上，為自己和本家贖罪；
"And Aaron shall offer the bull as a sin offering for himself, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house.
16:7 也要把兩隻公山羊安置在會幕門口、耶和華面前，
Then he shall take the two goats, and set them before the LORD at the door of the tent of meeting;
16:8 為那兩隻羊拈鬮，一鬮歸與耶和華，一鬮歸與阿撒瀉勒。
and Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats, one lot for the LORD and the other lot for Aza'zel.
16:9 亞倫要把那拈鬮歸與耶和華的羊獻為贖罪祭，
And Aaron shall present the goat on which the lot fell for the LORD, and offer it as a sin offering;
16:10 但那拈鬮歸與阿撒瀉勒的羊要活著安置在耶和華面前，用以贖罪，打發人送到曠野去，歸與阿撒瀉勒。
but the goat on which the lot fell for Aza'zel shall be presented alive before the LORD to make atonement over it, that it may be sent away into the wilderness to Aza'zel.
16:11 「亞倫要把贖罪祭的公牛帶來宰了，為自己和本家贖罪；
"Aaron shall present the bull as a sin offering for himself, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house; he shall kill the bull as a sin offering for himself.
16:12 拿香爐，從耶和華面前的壇上盛滿火炭，又拿一捧搗細的香料，都帶入幔子內，
And he shall take a censer full of coals of fire from the altar before the LORD, and two handfuls of sweet incense beaten small; and he shall bring it within the veil
16:13 在耶和華面前，把香放在火上，使香的煙雲遮掩法櫃上的施恩座，免得他死亡；
and put the incense on the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat which is upon the testimony, lest he die;
16:14 也要取些公牛的血，用指頭彈在施恩座的東面，又在施恩座的前面彈血七次。
and he shall take some of the blood of the bull, and sprinkle it with his finger on the front of the mercy seat, and before the mercy seat he shall sprinkle the blood with his finger seven times.
16:15 「隨後他要宰那為百姓作贖罪祭的公山羊，把羊的血帶入幔子內，彈在施恩座的上面和前面，好像彈公牛的血一樣。
"Then he shall kill the goat of the sin offering which is for the people, and bring its blood within the veil, and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, sprinkling it upon the mercy seat and before the mercy seat;
16:16 他因以色列人諸般的污穢、過犯，就是他們一切的罪愆，當這樣在聖所行贖罪之禮，並因會幕在他們污穢之中，也要照樣而行。
thus he shall make atonement for the holy place, because of the uncleannesses of the people of Israel, and because of their transgressions, all their sins; and so he shall do for the tent of meeting, which abides with them in the midst of their uncleannesses.
16:17 他進聖所贖罪的時候，會幕裡不可有人，直等到他為自己和本家並以色列全會眾贖了罪出來。
There shall be no man in the tent of meeting when he enters to make atonement in the holy place until he comes out and has made atonement for himself and for his house and for all the assembly of Israel.
16:18 他出來，要到耶和華面前的壇那裡，在壇上行贖罪之禮，又要取些公牛的血和公山羊的血，抹在壇上四角的周圍；
Then he shall go out to the altar which is before the LORD and make atonement for it, and shall take some of the blood of the bull and of the blood of the goat, and put it on the horns of the altar round about.
16:19 也要用指頭把血彈在壇上七次，潔淨了壇，從壇上除掉以色列人諸般的污穢，使壇成聖。」
And he shall sprinkle some of the blood upon it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it and hallow it from the uncleannesses of the people of Israel.
16:20 「亞倫為聖所和會幕並壇獻完了贖罪祭，就要把那隻活著的公山羊奉上。
"And when he has made an end of atoning for the holy place and the tent of meeting and the altar, he shall present the live goat;
16:21 兩手按在羊頭上，承認以色列人諸般的罪孽過犯，就是他們一切的罪愆，把這罪都歸在羊的頭上，藉著所派之人的手，送到曠野去。
and Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the people of Israel, and all their transgressions, all their sins; and he shall put them upon the head of the goat, and send him away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who is in readiness.
16:22 要把這羊放在曠野，這羊要擔當他們一切的罪孽，帶到無人之地。
The goat shall bear all their iniquities upon him to a solitary land; and he shall let the goat go in the wilderness.
16:23 「亞倫要進會幕，把他進聖所時所穿的細麻布衣服脫下，放在那裡，
"Then Aaron shall come into the tent of meeting, and shall put off the linen garments which he put on when he went into the holy place, and shall leave them there;
16:24 又要在聖處用水洗身，穿上衣服，出來，把自己的燔祭和百姓的燔祭獻上，為自己和百姓贖罪。
and he shall bathe his body in water in a holy place, and put on his garments, and come forth, and offer his burnt offering and the burnt offering of the people, and make atonement for himself and for the people.
16:25 贖罪祭牲的脂油要在壇上焚燒。
And the fat of the sin offering he shall burn upon the altar.
16:26 那放羊歸與阿撒瀉勒的人要洗衣服，用水洗身，然後進營。
And he who lets the goat go to Aza'zel shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.
16:27 作贖罪祭的公牛和公山羊的血既帶入聖所贖罪，這牛羊就要搬到營外，將皮、肉、糞用火焚燒。
And the bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the holy place, shall be carried forth outside the camp; their skin and their flesh and their dung shall be burned with fire.
16:28 焚燒的人要洗衣服，用水洗身，然後進營。」
And he who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.
16:29 「每逢七月初十日，你們要刻苦己心，無論是本地人，是寄居在你們中間的外人，甚麼工都不可做；這要作你們永遠的定例。
"And it shall be a statute to you for ever that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict yourselves, and shall do no work, either the native or the stranger who sojourns among you;
16:30 因在這日要為你們贖罪，使你們潔淨。你們要在耶和華面前得以潔淨，脫盡一切的罪愆。
for on this day shall atonement be made for you, to cleanse you; from all your sins you shall be clean before the LORD.
16:31 這日你們要守為聖安息日，要刻苦己心；這為永遠的定例。
It is a sabbath of solemn rest to you, and you shall afflict yourselves; it is a statute for ever.
16:32 那受膏、接續他父親承接聖職的祭司要穿上細麻布的聖衣，行贖罪之禮。
And the priest who is anointed and consecrated as priest in his father's place shall make atonement, wearing the holy linen garments;
16:33 他要在至聖所和會幕與壇行贖罪之禮，並要為眾祭司和會眾的百姓贖罪。
he shall make atonement for the sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the tent of meeting and for the altar, and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly.
16:34 這要作你們永遠的定例─就是因以色列人一切的罪，要一年一次為他們贖罪。」於是，亞倫照耶和華所吩咐摩西的行了。
And this shall be an everlasting statute for you, that atonement may be made for the people of Israel once in the year because of all their sins." And Moses did as the LORD commanded him.
今日心得上傳及閱讀請到
1. 蔡茂堂牧師blog: http://hopingtsaidevotion.blogspot.com/
2. 李晶晶牧師blog: http://taipeihoping-chin.blogspot.com/
蔡茂堂牧師創世記查經班歷年錄音檔案:
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